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/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/**
* Copyright (c) 2014, Regents of the University of California,
* Arizona Board of Regents,
* Colorado State University,
* University Pierre & Marie Curie, Sorbonne University,
* Washington University in St. Louis,
* Beijing Institute of Technology,
* The University of Memphis
*
* This file is part of NFD (Named Data Networking Forwarding Daemon).
* See AUTHORS.md for complete list of NFD authors and contributors.
*
* NFD is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
* of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
* either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* NFD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
* without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
* NFD, e.g., in COPYING.md file. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "ethernet-face.hpp"
#include "core/logger.hpp"
#include <pcap/pcap.h>
#include <cerrno> // for errno
#include <cstdio> // for std::snprintf()
#include <cstring> // for std::strerror() and std::strncpy()
#include <arpa/inet.h> // for htons() and ntohs()
#include <net/ethernet.h> // for struct ether_header
#include <net/if.h> // for struct ifreq
#include <sys/ioctl.h> // for ioctl()
#include <unistd.h> // for dup()
#if defined(__linux__)
#include <netpacket/packet.h> // for struct packet_mreq
#include <sys/socket.h> // for setsockopt()
#endif
#ifdef SIOCADDMULTI
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
#include <net/if_dl.h> // for struct sockaddr_dl
#endif
#endif
#if !defined(PCAP_NETMASK_UNKNOWN)
/*
* Value to pass to pcap_compile() as the netmask if you don't know what
* the netmask is.
*/
#define PCAP_NETMASK_UNKNOWN 0xffffffff
#endif
namespace nfd {
NFD_LOG_INIT("EthernetFace");
const time::nanoseconds EthernetFace::REASSEMBLER_LIFETIME = time::seconds(60);
EthernetFace::EthernetFace(const shared_ptr<boost::asio::posix::stream_descriptor>& socket,
const NetworkInterfaceInfo& interface,
const ethernet::Address& address)
: Face(FaceUri(address), FaceUri::fromDev(interface.name))
, m_pcap(nullptr, pcap_close)
, m_socket(socket)
#if defined(__linux__)
, m_interfaceIndex(interface.index)
#endif
, m_interfaceName(interface.name)
, m_srcAddress(interface.etherAddress)
, m_destAddress(address)
{
NFD_LOG_INFO("Creating ethernet face on " << m_interfaceName << ": "
<< m_srcAddress << " <--> " << m_destAddress);
pcapInit();
int fd = pcap_get_selectable_fd(m_pcap.get());
if (fd < 0)
throw Error("pcap_get_selectable_fd() failed");
// need to duplicate the fd, otherwise both pcap_close()
// and stream_descriptor::close() will try to close the
// same fd and one of them will fail
m_socket->assign(::dup(fd));
m_interfaceMtu = getInterfaceMtu();
NFD_LOG_DEBUG("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Interface MTU is: " << m_interfaceMtu);
m_slicer.reset(new ndnlp::Slicer(m_interfaceMtu));
char filter[100];
std::snprintf(filter, sizeof(filter),
"(ether proto 0x%x) && (ether dst %s) && (not ether src %s)",
ethernet::ETHERTYPE_NDN,
m_destAddress.toString().c_str(),
m_srcAddress.toString().c_str());
setPacketFilter(filter);
joinMulticastGroup();
m_socket->async_read_some(boost::asio::null_buffers(),
bind(&EthernetFace::handleRead, this,
boost::asio::placeholders::error,
boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
}
EthernetFace::~EthernetFace()
{
}
void
EthernetFace::sendInterest(const Interest& interest)
{
onSendInterest(interest);
ndnlp::PacketArray pa = m_slicer->slice(interest.wireEncode());
for (const auto& packet : *pa) {
sendPacket(packet);
}
}
void
EthernetFace::sendData(const Data& data)
{
onSendData(data);
ndnlp::PacketArray pa = m_slicer->slice(data.wireEncode());
for (const auto& packet : *pa) {
sendPacket(packet);
}
}
void
EthernetFace::close()
{
if (!m_pcap)
return;
NFD_LOG_INFO("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Closing face");
boost::system::error_code error;
m_socket->cancel(error); // ignore errors
m_socket->close(error); // ignore errors
m_pcap.reset(nullptr);
fail("Face closed");
}
void
EthernetFace::pcapInit()
{
char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE] = {};
m_pcap.reset(pcap_create(m_interfaceName.c_str(), errbuf));
if (!m_pcap)
throw Error("pcap_create(): " + std::string(errbuf));
#ifdef HAVE_PCAP_SET_IMMEDIATE_MODE
// Enable "immediate mode", effectively disabling any read buffering in the kernel.
// This corresponds to the BIOCIMMEDIATE ioctl on BSD-like systems (including OS X)
// where libpcap uses a BPF device. On Linux this forces libpcap not to use TPACKET_V3,
// even if the kernel supports it, thus preventing bug #1511.
pcap_set_immediate_mode(m_pcap.get(), 1);
#endif
if (pcap_activate(m_pcap.get()) < 0)
throw Error("pcap_activate() failed");
if (pcap_set_datalink(m_pcap.get(), DLT_EN10MB) < 0)
throw Error("pcap_set_datalink(): " + std::string(pcap_geterr(m_pcap.get())));
if (pcap_setdirection(m_pcap.get(), PCAP_D_IN) < 0)
// no need to throw on failure, BPF will filter unwanted packets anyway
NFD_LOG_WARN("pcap_setdirection(): " << pcap_geterr(m_pcap.get()));
}
void
EthernetFace::setPacketFilter(const char* filterString)
{
bpf_program filter;
if (pcap_compile(m_pcap.get(), &filter, filterString, 1, PCAP_NETMASK_UNKNOWN) < 0)
throw Error("pcap_compile(): " + std::string(pcap_geterr(m_pcap.get())));
int ret = pcap_setfilter(m_pcap.get(), &filter);
pcap_freecode(&filter);
if (ret < 0)
throw Error("pcap_setfilter(): " + std::string(pcap_geterr(m_pcap.get())));
}
void
EthernetFace::joinMulticastGroup()
{
#if defined(__linux__)
packet_mreq mr{};
mr.mr_ifindex = m_interfaceIndex;
mr.mr_type = PACKET_MR_MULTICAST;
mr.mr_alen = m_destAddress.size();
std::copy(m_destAddress.begin(), m_destAddress.end(), mr.mr_address);
if (::setsockopt(m_socket->native_handle(), SOL_PACKET,
PACKET_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &mr, sizeof(mr)) == 0)
return; // success
NFD_LOG_WARN("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] setsockopt(PACKET_ADD_MEMBERSHIP) failed: " << std::strerror(errno));
#endif
#if defined(SIOCADDMULTI)
ifreq ifr{};
std::strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, m_interfaceName.c_str(), sizeof(ifr.ifr_name) - 1);
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
/*
* Differences between Linux and the BSDs (including OS X):
* o BSD does not have ifr_hwaddr; use ifr_addr instead.
* o While OS X seems to accept both AF_LINK and AF_UNSPEC as the address
* family, FreeBSD explicitly requires AF_LINK, so we have to use AF_LINK
* and sockaddr_dl instead of the generic sockaddr structure.
* o BSD's sockaddr (and sockaddr_dl in particular) contains an additional
* field, sa_len (sdl_len), which must be set to the total length of the
* structure, including the length field itself.
* o We do not specify the interface name, thus sdl_nlen is left at 0 and
* LLADDR is effectively the same as sdl_data.
*/
sockaddr_dl* sdl = reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_dl*>(&ifr.ifr_addr);
sdl->sdl_len = sizeof(ifr.ifr_addr);
sdl->sdl_family = AF_LINK;
sdl->sdl_alen = m_destAddress.size();
std::copy(m_destAddress.begin(), m_destAddress.end(), LLADDR(sdl));
static_assert(sizeof(ifr.ifr_addr) >= offsetof(sockaddr_dl, sdl_data) + ethernet::ADDR_LEN,
"ifr_addr in struct ifreq is too small on this platform");
#else
ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_family = AF_UNSPEC;
std::copy(m_destAddress.begin(), m_destAddress.end(), ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data);
static_assert(sizeof(ifr.ifr_hwaddr) >= offsetof(sockaddr, sa_data) + ethernet::ADDR_LEN,
"ifr_hwaddr in struct ifreq is too small on this platform");
#endif
if (::ioctl(m_socket->native_handle(), SIOCADDMULTI, &ifr) >= 0)
return; // success
NFD_LOG_WARN("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] ioctl(SIOCADDMULTI) failed: " << std::strerror(errno));
#endif
if (!m_destAddress.isBroadcast())
{
NFD_LOG_DEBUG("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Falling back to promiscuous mode");
pcap_set_promisc(m_pcap.get(), 1);
}
}
void
EthernetFace::sendPacket(const ndn::Block& block)
{
if (!m_pcap)
{
NFD_LOG_WARN("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Trying to send on closed face");
return fail("Face closed");
}
BOOST_ASSERT(block.size() <= m_interfaceMtu);
/// \todo Right now there is no reserve when packet is received, but
/// we should reserve some space at the beginning and at the end
ndn::EncodingBuffer buffer(block);
// pad with zeroes if the payload is too short
if (block.size() < ethernet::MIN_DATA_LEN)
{
static const uint8_t padding[ethernet::MIN_DATA_LEN] = {};
buffer.appendByteArray(padding, ethernet::MIN_DATA_LEN - block.size());
}
// construct and prepend the ethernet header
static uint16_t ethertype = htons(ethernet::ETHERTYPE_NDN);
buffer.prependByteArray(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&ethertype), ethernet::TYPE_LEN);
buffer.prependByteArray(m_srcAddress.data(), m_srcAddress.size());
buffer.prependByteArray(m_destAddress.data(), m_destAddress.size());
// send the packet
int sent = pcap_inject(m_pcap.get(), buffer.buf(), buffer.size());
if (sent < 0)
{
return fail("pcap_inject(): " + std::string(pcap_geterr(m_pcap.get())));
}
else if (static_cast<size_t>(sent) < buffer.size())
{
return fail("Failed to inject frame");
}
NFD_LOG_TRACE("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Successfully sent: " << block.size() << " bytes");
this->getMutableCounters().getNOutBytes() += block.size();
}
void
EthernetFace::handleRead(const boost::system::error_code& error, size_t)
{
if (!m_pcap)
return fail("Face closed");
if (error)
return processErrorCode(error);
pcap_pkthdr* header;
const uint8_t* packet;
int ret = pcap_next_ex(m_pcap.get(), &header, &packet);
if (ret < 0)
{
return fail("pcap_next_ex(): " + std::string(pcap_geterr(m_pcap.get())));
}
else if (ret == 0)
{
NFD_LOG_WARN("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName << "] Read timeout");
}
else
{
processIncomingPacket(header, packet);
}
m_socket->async_read_some(boost::asio::null_buffers(),
bind(&EthernetFace::handleRead, this,
boost::asio::placeholders::error,
boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred));
}
void
EthernetFace::processIncomingPacket(const pcap_pkthdr* header, const uint8_t* packet)
{
size_t length = header->caplen;
if (length < ethernet::HDR_LEN + ethernet::MIN_DATA_LEN)
{
NFD_LOG_WARN("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Received frame is too short (" << length << " bytes)");
return;
}
const ether_header* eh = reinterpret_cast<const ether_header*>(packet);
const ethernet::Address sourceAddress(eh->ether_shost);
// assert in case BPF fails to filter unwanted frames
BOOST_ASSERT_MSG(ethernet::Address(eh->ether_dhost) == m_destAddress,
"Received frame addressed to a different multicast group");
BOOST_ASSERT_MSG(sourceAddress != m_srcAddress,
"Received frame sent by this host");
BOOST_ASSERT_MSG(ntohs(eh->ether_type) == ethernet::ETHERTYPE_NDN,
"Received frame with unrecognized ethertype");
packet += ethernet::HDR_LEN;
length -= ethernet::HDR_LEN;
/// \todo Reserve space in front and at the back of the underlying buffer
Block fragment;
bool isOk = Block::fromBuffer(packet, length, fragment);
if (!isOk)
{
NFD_LOG_WARN("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Block received from " << sourceAddress.toString()
<< " is invalid or too large to process");
return;
}
NFD_LOG_TRACE("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Received: " << fragment.size() << " bytes from "
<< sourceAddress.toString());
this->getMutableCounters().getNInBytes() += fragment.size();
Reassembler& reassembler = m_reassemblers[sourceAddress];
if (!reassembler.pms)
{
// new sender, setup a PartialMessageStore for it
reassembler.pms.reset(new ndnlp::PartialMessageStore);
reassembler.pms->onReceive +=
[this, sourceAddress] (const Block& block) {
NFD_LOG_TRACE("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] All fragments received from " << sourceAddress.toString());
if (!decodeAndDispatchInput(block))
NFD_LOG_WARN("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Received unrecognized TLV block of type " << block.type()
<< " from " << sourceAddress.toString());
};
}
scheduler::cancel(reassembler.expireEvent);
reassembler.expireEvent = scheduler::schedule(REASSEMBLER_LIFETIME,
[this, sourceAddress] {
BOOST_VERIFY(m_reassemblers.erase(sourceAddress) == 1);
});
try {
reassembler.pms->receiveNdnlpData(fragment);
}
catch (const ndnlp::ParseError& e) {
NFD_LOG_WARN("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Received invalid NDNLP fragment from "
<< sourceAddress.toString() << " : " << e.what());
}
}
void
EthernetFace::processErrorCode(const boost::system::error_code& error)
{
if (error == boost::asio::error::operation_aborted)
// cancel() has been called on the socket
return;
std::string msg;
if (error == boost::asio::error::eof)
{
msg = "Face closed";
NFD_LOG_INFO("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName << "] " << msg);
}
else
{
msg = "Receive operation failed: " + error.message();
NFD_LOG_WARN("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName << "] " << msg);
}
fail(msg);
}
size_t
EthernetFace::getInterfaceMtu() const
{
#ifdef SIOCGIFMTU
ifreq ifr{};
std::strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, m_interfaceName.c_str(), sizeof(ifr.ifr_name) - 1);
if (::ioctl(m_socket->native_handle(), SIOCGIFMTU, &ifr) >= 0)
return static_cast<size_t>(ifr.ifr_mtu);
NFD_LOG_WARN("[id:" << getId() << ",endpoint:" << m_interfaceName
<< "] Failed to get interface MTU: " << std::strerror(errno));
#endif
return ethernet::MAX_DATA_LEN;
}
} // namespace nfd