src/security/v2/key-chain.cpp

/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Regents of the University of California.
 *
 * This file is part of ndn-cxx library (NDN C++ library with eXperimental eXtensions).
 *
 * ndn-cxx library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
 * terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * ndn-cxx library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
 * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received copies of the GNU General Public License and GNU Lesser
 * General Public License along with ndn-cxx, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see
 * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 * See AUTHORS.md for complete list of ndn-cxx authors and contributors.
 */

#include "key-chain.hpp"

#include "../../util/config-file.hpp"
#include "../../util/logger.hpp"
#include "../../util/sha256.hpp"

#include "../pib/pib-sqlite3.hpp"
#include "../pib/pib-memory.hpp"

#ifdef NDN_CXX_HAVE_OSX_FRAMEWORKS
#include "../tpm/back-end-osx.hpp"
#endif // NDN_CXX_HAVE_OSX_FRAMEWORKS

#include "../tpm/back-end-file.hpp"
#include "../tpm/back-end-mem.hpp"

#include "../transform/bool-sink.hpp"
#include "../transform/buffer-source.hpp"
#include "../transform/private-key.hpp"
#include "../transform/public-key.hpp"
#include "../transform/verifier-filter.hpp"
#include "../../encoding/buffer-stream.hpp"

#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>

namespace ndn {
namespace security {

// When static library is used, not everything is compiled into the resulting binary.
// Therefore, the following standard PIB and TPMs need to be registered here.
// http://stackoverflow.com/q/9459980/2150331

namespace pib {
NDN_CXX_V2_KEYCHAIN_REGISTER_PIB_BACKEND(PibSqlite3);
NDN_CXX_V2_KEYCHAIN_REGISTER_PIB_BACKEND(PibMemory);
} // namespace pib

namespace tpm {
#if defined(NDN_CXX_HAVE_OSX_FRAMEWORKS) && defined(NDN_CXX_WITH_OSX_KEYCHAIN)
NDN_CXX_V2_KEYCHAIN_REGISTER_TPM_BACKEND(BackEndOsx);
#endif // defined(NDN_CXX_HAVE_OSX_FRAMEWORKS) && defined(NDN_CXX_WITH_OSX_KEYCHAIN)

NDN_CXX_V2_KEYCHAIN_REGISTER_TPM_BACKEND(BackEndFile);
NDN_CXX_V2_KEYCHAIN_REGISTER_TPM_BACKEND(BackEndMem);
} // namespace tpm

namespace v2 {

NDN_LOG_INIT(ndn.security.v2.KeyChain);

std::string KeyChain::s_defaultPibLocator;
std::string KeyChain::s_defaultTpmLocator;

KeyChain::PibFactories&
KeyChain::getPibFactories()
{
  static PibFactories pibFactories;
  return pibFactories;
}

KeyChain::TpmFactories&
KeyChain::getTpmFactories()
{
  static TpmFactories tpmFactories;
  return tpmFactories;
}

const std::string&
KeyChain::getDefaultPibScheme()
{
  return pib::PibSqlite3::getScheme();;
}

const std::string&
KeyChain::getDefaultTpmScheme()
{
#if defined(NDN_CXX_HAVE_OSX_FRAMEWORKS) && defined(NDN_CXX_WITH_OSX_KEYCHAIN)
  return tpm::BackEndOsx::getScheme();;
#else
  return tpm::BackEndFile::getScheme();
#endif // defined(NDN_CXX_HAVE_OSX_FRAMEWORKS) && defined(NDN_CXX_WITH_OSX_KEYCHAIN)
}

const std::string&
KeyChain::getDefaultPibLocator()
{
  if (!s_defaultPibLocator.empty())
    return s_defaultPibLocator;

  if (getenv("NDN_CLIENT_PIB") != nullptr) {
    s_defaultPibLocator = getenv("NDN_CLIENT_PIB");
  }
  else {
    ConfigFile config;
    s_defaultPibLocator = config.getParsedConfiguration().get<std::string>("pib", getDefaultPibScheme() + ":");
  }

  return s_defaultPibLocator;
}

const std::string&
KeyChain::getDefaultTpmLocator()
{
  if (!s_defaultTpmLocator.empty())
    return s_defaultTpmLocator;

  if (getenv("NDN_CLIENT_TPM") != nullptr) {
    s_defaultTpmLocator = getenv("NDN_CLIENT_TPM");
  }
  else {
    ConfigFile config;
    s_defaultTpmLocator = config.getParsedConfiguration().get<std::string>("tpm", getDefaultTpmScheme() + ":");
  }

  return s_defaultTpmLocator;
}


// Other defaults

const SigningInfo&
KeyChain::getDefaultSigningInfo()
{
  static SigningInfo signingInfo;
  return signingInfo;
}

const KeyParams&
KeyChain::getDefaultKeyParams()
{
  static EcKeyParams keyParams;
  return keyParams;
}

//

KeyChain::KeyChain()
  : KeyChain(getDefaultPibLocator(), getDefaultTpmLocator(), true)
{
}

KeyChain::KeyChain(const std::string& pibLocator, const std::string& tpmLocator, bool allowReset)
{
  // PIB Locator
  std::string pibScheme, pibLocation;
  std::tie(pibScheme, pibLocation) = parseAndCheckPibLocator(pibLocator);
  std::string canonicalPibLocator = pibScheme + ":" + pibLocation;

  // Create PIB
  m_pib = createPib(canonicalPibLocator);
  std::string oldTpmLocator;
  try {
    oldTpmLocator = m_pib->getTpmLocator();
  }
  catch (const Pib::Error&) {
    // TPM locator is not set in PIB yet.
  }

  // TPM Locator
  std::string tpmScheme, tpmLocation;
  std::tie(tpmScheme, tpmLocation) = parseAndCheckTpmLocator(tpmLocator);
  std::string canonicalTpmLocator = tpmScheme + ":" + tpmLocation;

  if (canonicalPibLocator == getDefaultPibLocator()) {
    // Default PIB must use default TPM
    if (!oldTpmLocator.empty() && oldTpmLocator != getDefaultTpmLocator()) {
      m_pib->reset();
      canonicalTpmLocator = getDefaultTpmLocator();
    }
  }
  else {
    // non-default PIB check consistency
    if (!oldTpmLocator.empty() && oldTpmLocator != canonicalTpmLocator) {
      if (allowReset)
        m_pib->reset();
      else
        BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(LocatorMismatchError("TPM locator supplied does not match TPM locator in PIB: " +
                                                   oldTpmLocator + " != " + canonicalTpmLocator));
    }
  }

  // note that key mismatch may still happen if the TPM locator is initially set to a
  // wrong one or if the PIB was shared by more than one TPMs before.  This is due to the
  // old PIB does not have TPM info, new pib should not have this problem.
  m_tpm = createTpm(canonicalTpmLocator);
  m_pib->setTpmLocator(canonicalTpmLocator);
}

KeyChain::~KeyChain() = default;

// public: management

Identity
KeyChain::createIdentity(const Name& identityName, const KeyParams& params)
{
  Identity id = m_pib->addIdentity(identityName);

  Key key;
  try {
    key = id.getDefaultKey();
  }
  catch (const Pib::Error&) {
    key = createKey(id, params);
  }

  try {
    key.getDefaultCertificate();
  }
  catch (const Pib::Error&) {
    NDN_LOG_DEBUG("No default cert for " << key.getName() << ", requesting self-signing");
    selfSign(key);
  }

  return id;
}

void
KeyChain::deleteIdentity(const Identity& identity)
{
  BOOST_ASSERT(static_cast<bool>(identity));

  Name identityName = identity.getName();

  for (const auto& key : identity.getKeys()) {
    m_tpm->deleteKey(key.getName());
  }

  m_pib->removeIdentity(identityName);
}

void
KeyChain::setDefaultIdentity(const Identity& identity)
{
  BOOST_ASSERT(static_cast<bool>(identity));

  m_pib->setDefaultIdentity(identity.getName());
}

Key
KeyChain::createKey(const Identity& identity, const KeyParams& params)
{
  BOOST_ASSERT(static_cast<bool>(identity));

  // create key in TPM
  Name keyName = m_tpm->createKey(identity.getName(), params);

  // set up key info in PIB
  ConstBufferPtr pubKey = m_tpm->getPublicKey(keyName);
  Key key = identity.addKey(pubKey->data(), pubKey->size(), keyName);

  NDN_LOG_DEBUG("Requesting self-signing for newly created key " << key.getName());
  selfSign(key);

  return key;
}

void
KeyChain::deleteKey(const Identity& identity, const Key& key)
{
  BOOST_ASSERT(static_cast<bool>(identity));
  BOOST_ASSERT(static_cast<bool>(key));

  Name keyName = key.getName();
  if (identity.getName() != key.getIdentity()) {
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::invalid_argument("Identity `" + identity.getName().toUri() + "` "
                                                "does not match key `" + keyName.toUri() + "`"));
  }

  identity.removeKey(keyName);
  m_tpm->deleteKey(keyName);
}

void
KeyChain::setDefaultKey(const Identity& identity, const Key& key)
{
  BOOST_ASSERT(static_cast<bool>(identity));
  BOOST_ASSERT(static_cast<bool>(key));

  if (identity.getName() != key.getIdentity())
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::invalid_argument("Identity `" + identity.getName().toUri() + "` "
                                                "does not match key `" + key.getName().toUri() + "`"));

  identity.setDefaultKey(key.getName());
}

void
KeyChain::addCertificate(const Key& key, const Certificate& certificate)
{
  BOOST_ASSERT(static_cast<bool>(key));

  if (key.getName() != certificate.getKeyName() ||
      !std::equal(certificate.getContent().value_begin(), certificate.getContent().value_end(),
                  key.getPublicKey().begin()))
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::invalid_argument("Key `" + key.getName().toUri() + "` "
                                                "does not match certificate `" + certificate.getName().toUri() + "`"));

  key.addCertificate(certificate);
}

void
KeyChain::deleteCertificate(const Key& key, const Name& certificateName)
{
  BOOST_ASSERT(static_cast<bool>(key));

  if (!Certificate::isValidName(certificateName)) {
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::invalid_argument("Wrong certificate name `" + certificateName.toUri() + "`"));
  }

  key.removeCertificate(certificateName);
}

void
KeyChain::setDefaultCertificate(const Key& key, const Certificate& cert)
{
  BOOST_ASSERT(static_cast<bool>(key));

  addCertificate(key, cert);
  key.setDefaultCertificate(cert.getName());
}

shared_ptr<SafeBag>
KeyChain::exportSafeBag(const Certificate& certificate, const char* pw, size_t pwLen)
{
  Name identity = certificate.getIdentity();
  Name keyName = certificate.getKeyName();

  ConstBufferPtr encryptedKey;
  try {
    encryptedKey = m_tpm->exportPrivateKey(keyName, pw, pwLen);
  }
  catch (const tpm::BackEnd::Error& e) {
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Failed to export private key `" + keyName.toUri() + "`: " + e.what()));
  }

  return make_shared<SafeBag>(certificate, *encryptedKey);
}

void
KeyChain::importSafeBag(const SafeBag& safeBag, const char* pw, size_t pwLen)
{
  Data certData = safeBag.getCertificate();
  Certificate cert(std::move(certData));
  Name identity = cert.getIdentity();
  Name keyName = cert.getKeyName();
  const Buffer publicKeyBits = cert.getPublicKey();

  if (m_tpm->hasKey(keyName)) {
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Private key `" + keyName.toUri() + "` already exists"));
  }

  try {
    Identity existingId = m_pib->getIdentity(identity);
    existingId.getKey(keyName);
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Public key `" + keyName.toUri() + "` already exists"));
  }
  catch (const Pib::Error&) {
    // Either identity or key doesn't exist. OK to import.
  }

  try {
    m_tpm->importPrivateKey(keyName,
                            safeBag.getEncryptedKeyBag().data(), safeBag.getEncryptedKeyBag().size(),
                            pw, pwLen);
  }
  catch (const tpm::BackEnd::Error& e) {
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Failed to import private key `" + keyName.toUri() + "`: " + e.what()));
  }

  // check the consistency of private key and certificate
  const uint8_t content[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
  ConstBufferPtr sigBits;
  try {
    sigBits = m_tpm->sign(content, 4, keyName, DigestAlgorithm::SHA256);
  }
  catch (const std::runtime_error&) {
    m_tpm->deleteKey(keyName);
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Invalid private key `" + keyName.toUri() + "`"));
  }
  bool isVerified = false;
  {
    using namespace transform;
    PublicKey publicKey;
    publicKey.loadPkcs8(publicKeyBits.data(), publicKeyBits.size());
    bufferSource(content, sizeof(content)) >> verifierFilter(DigestAlgorithm::SHA256, publicKey,
                                                             sigBits->data(), sigBits->size())
                                           >> boolSink(isVerified);
  }
  if (!isVerified) {
    m_tpm->deleteKey(keyName);
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Certificate `" + cert.getName().toUri() + "` "
                                "and private key `" + keyName.toUri() + "` do not match"));
  }

  Identity id = m_pib->addIdentity(identity);
  Key key = id.addKey(cert.getPublicKey().data(), cert.getPublicKey().size(), keyName);
  key.addCertificate(cert);
}

// public: signing

void
KeyChain::sign(Data& data, const SigningInfo& params)
{
  Name keyName;
  SignatureInfo sigInfo;
  std::tie(keyName, sigInfo) = prepareSignatureInfo(params);

  data.setSignature(Signature(sigInfo));

  EncodingBuffer encoder;
  data.wireEncode(encoder, true);

  Block sigValue = sign(encoder.buf(), encoder.size(), keyName, params.getDigestAlgorithm());

  data.wireEncode(encoder, sigValue);
}

void
KeyChain::sign(Interest& interest, const SigningInfo& params)
{
  Name keyName;
  SignatureInfo sigInfo;
  std::tie(keyName, sigInfo) = prepareSignatureInfo(params);

  Name signedName = interest.getName();
  signedName.append(sigInfo.wireEncode()); // signatureInfo

  Block sigValue = sign(signedName.wireEncode().value(), signedName.wireEncode().value_size(),
                        keyName, params.getDigestAlgorithm());

  sigValue.encode();
  signedName.append(sigValue); // signatureValue
  interest.setName(signedName);
}

Block
KeyChain::sign(const uint8_t* buffer, size_t bufferLength, const SigningInfo& params)
{
  Name keyName;
  SignatureInfo sigInfo;
  std::tie(keyName, sigInfo) = prepareSignatureInfo(params);

  return sign(buffer, bufferLength, keyName, params.getDigestAlgorithm());
}

// public: PIB/TPM creation helpers

static inline std::tuple<std::string/*type*/, std::string/*location*/>
parseLocatorUri(const std::string& uri)
{
  size_t pos = uri.find(':');
  if (pos != std::string::npos) {
    return std::make_tuple(uri.substr(0, pos), uri.substr(pos + 1));
  }
  else {
    return std::make_tuple(uri, "");
  }
}

std::tuple<std::string/*type*/, std::string/*location*/>
KeyChain::parseAndCheckPibLocator(const std::string& pibLocator)
{
  std::string pibScheme, pibLocation;
  std::tie(pibScheme, pibLocation) = parseLocatorUri(pibLocator);

  if (pibScheme.empty()) {
    pibScheme = getDefaultPibScheme();
  }

  auto pibFactory = getPibFactories().find(pibScheme);
  if (pibFactory == getPibFactories().end()) {
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(KeyChain::Error("PIB scheme `" + pibScheme + "` is not supported"));
  }

  return std::make_tuple(pibScheme, pibLocation);
}

unique_ptr<Pib>
KeyChain::createPib(const std::string& pibLocator)
{
  std::string pibScheme, pibLocation;
  std::tie(pibScheme, pibLocation) = parseAndCheckPibLocator(pibLocator);
  auto pibFactory = getPibFactories().find(pibScheme);
  BOOST_ASSERT(pibFactory != getPibFactories().end());
  return unique_ptr<Pib>(new Pib(pibScheme, pibLocation, pibFactory->second(pibLocation)));
}

std::tuple<std::string/*type*/, std::string/*location*/>
KeyChain::parseAndCheckTpmLocator(const std::string& tpmLocator)
{
  std::string tpmScheme, tpmLocation;
  std::tie(tpmScheme, tpmLocation) = parseLocatorUri(tpmLocator);

  if (tpmScheme.empty()) {
    tpmScheme = getDefaultTpmScheme();
  }
  auto tpmFactory = getTpmFactories().find(tpmScheme);
  if (tpmFactory == getTpmFactories().end()) {
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(KeyChain::Error("TPM scheme `" + tpmScheme + "` is not supported"));
  }

  return std::make_tuple(tpmScheme, tpmLocation);
}

unique_ptr<Tpm>
KeyChain::createTpm(const std::string& tpmLocator)
{
  std::string tpmScheme, tpmLocation;
  std::tie(tpmScheme, tpmLocation) = parseAndCheckTpmLocator(tpmLocator);
  auto tpmFactory = getTpmFactories().find(tpmScheme);
  BOOST_ASSERT(tpmFactory != getTpmFactories().end());
  return unique_ptr<Tpm>(new Tpm(tpmScheme, tpmLocation, tpmFactory->second(tpmLocation)));
}

// private: signing

Certificate
KeyChain::selfSign(Key& key)
{
  Certificate certificate;

  // set name
  Name certificateName = key.getName();
  certificateName
    .append("self")
    .appendVersion();
  certificate.setName(certificateName);

  // set metainfo
  certificate.setContentType(tlv::ContentType_Key);
  certificate.setFreshnessPeriod(time::hours(1));

  // set content
  certificate.setContent(key.getPublicKey().data(), key.getPublicKey().size());

  // set signature-info
  SignatureInfo signatureInfo;
  // Note time::system_clock::max() or other NotAfter date results in incorrect encoded value
  // because of overflow during conversion to boost::posix_time::ptime (bug #3915).
  signatureInfo.setValidityPeriod(ValidityPeriod(time::system_clock::TimePoint(),
                                                 time::system_clock::now() + time::days(20 * 365)));

  sign(certificate, SigningInfo(key).setSignatureInfo(signatureInfo));

  key.addCertificate(certificate);
  return certificate;
}

std::tuple<Name, SignatureInfo>
KeyChain::prepareSignatureInfo(const SigningInfo& params)
{
  SignatureInfo sigInfo = params.getSignatureInfo();

  Name identityName;
  name::Component keyId;
  Name certificateName;

  pib::Identity identity;
  pib::Key key;

  switch (params.getSignerType()) {
    case SigningInfo::SIGNER_TYPE_NULL: {
      try {
        identity = m_pib->getDefaultIdentity();
      }
      catch (const Pib::Error&) { // no default identity, use sha256 for signing.
        sigInfo.setSignatureType(tlv::DigestSha256);
        return std::make_tuple(SigningInfo::getDigestSha256Identity(), sigInfo);
      }
      break;
    }
    case SigningInfo::SIGNER_TYPE_ID: {
      identity = params.getPibIdentity();
      if (!identity) {
        try {
          identity = m_pib->getIdentity(params.getSignerName());
        }
        catch (const Pib::Error&) {
          BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidSigningInfoError("Signing identity `" +
                                                        params.getSignerName().toUri() + "` does not exist"));
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case SigningInfo::SIGNER_TYPE_KEY: {
      key = params.getPibKey();
      if (!key) {
        Name identityName = extractIdentityFromKeyName(params.getSignerName());

        try {
          identity = m_pib->getIdentity(identityName);
          key = identity.getKey(params.getSignerName());
          identity = Identity(); // we will use the PIB key instance, so reset identity;
        }
        catch (const Pib::Error&) {
          BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidSigningInfoError("Signing key `" +
                                                        params.getSignerName().toUri() + "` does not exist"));
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case SigningInfo::SIGNER_TYPE_CERT: {
      Name identityName = extractIdentityFromCertName(params.getSignerName());
      Name keyName = extractKeyNameFromCertName(params.getSignerName());

      try {
        identity = m_pib->getIdentity(identityName);
        key = identity.getKey(keyName);
      }
      catch (const Pib::Error&) {
        BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidSigningInfoError("Signing certificate `" +
                                                      params.getSignerName().toUri() + "` does not exist"));
      }

      break;
    }
    case SigningInfo::SIGNER_TYPE_SHA256: {
      sigInfo.setSignatureType(tlv::DigestSha256);
      return std::make_tuple(SigningInfo::getDigestSha256Identity(), sigInfo);
    }
    default: {
      BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidSigningInfoError("Unrecognized signer type " +
                                                    boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(params.getSignerType())));
    }
  }

  if (!identity && !key) {
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidSigningInfoError("Cannot determine signing parameters"));
  }

  if (identity && !key) {
    try {
      key = identity.getDefaultKey();
    }
    catch (const Pib::Error&) {
      BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidSigningInfoError("Signing identity `" + identity.getName().toUri() +
                                                    "` does not have a default certificate"));
    }
  }

  BOOST_ASSERT(key);

  sigInfo.setSignatureType(getSignatureType(key.getKeyType(), params.getDigestAlgorithm()));
  sigInfo.setKeyLocator(KeyLocator(key.getName()));

  NDN_LOG_TRACE("Prepared signature info: " << sigInfo);
  return std::make_tuple(key.getName(), sigInfo);
}

Block
KeyChain::sign(const uint8_t* buf, size_t size,
               const Name& keyName, DigestAlgorithm digestAlgorithm) const
{
  if (keyName == SigningInfo::getDigestSha256Identity())
    return Block(tlv::SignatureValue, util::Sha256::computeDigest(buf, size));

  return Block(tlv::SignatureValue, m_tpm->sign(buf, size, keyName, digestAlgorithm));
}

tlv::SignatureTypeValue
KeyChain::getSignatureType(KeyType keyType, DigestAlgorithm digestAlgorithm)
{
  switch (keyType) {
  case KeyType::RSA:
    return tlv::SignatureSha256WithRsa;
  case KeyType::EC:
    return tlv::SignatureSha256WithEcdsa;
  default:
    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Unsupported key types"));
  }
}

} // namespace v2
} // namespace security
} // namespace ndn