diff --git a/src/ca-module.cpp b/src/ca-module.cpp
index 658d9c5..f674482 100644
--- a/src/ca-module.cpp
+++ b/src/ca-module.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 {
   // load the config and create storage
   m_config.load(configPath);
-  m_storage = CaStorage::createCaStorage(storageType);
+  m_storage = CaStorage::createCaStorage(storageType, m_config.m_caItem.m_caPrefix, "");
 
   registerPrefix();
 }
@@ -409,7 +409,6 @@
       auto issuedCert = issueCertificate(requestState);
         requestState.m_cert = issuedCert;
         requestState.m_status = Status::SUCCESS;
-      m_storage->addCertificate(requestState.m_requestId, issuedCert);
       m_storage->deleteRequest(requestState.m_requestId);
 
       payload = CHALLENGE::encodeDataPayload(requestState);
diff --git a/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-memory.cpp b/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-memory.cpp
index 5adaa21..1fe27e1 100644
--- a/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-memory.cpp
+++ b/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-memory.cpp
@@ -30,12 +30,17 @@
 
 NDNCERT_REGISTER_CA_STORAGE(CaMemory);
 
+CaMemory::CaMemory(const Name& caName, const std::string& path)
+  : CaStorage()
+{
+}
+
 CaState
 CaMemory::getRequest(const std::string& requestId)
 {
   auto search = m_requests.find(requestId);
   if (search == m_requests.end()) {
-    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Request " + requestId + " doest not exists"));
+    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("Request " + requestId + " doest not exists"));
   }
   return search->second;
 }
@@ -43,26 +48,12 @@
 void
 CaMemory::addRequest(const CaState& request)
 {
-    auto keyNameTLV = request.m_cert.getKeyName();
-    if (request.m_requestType == RequestType::NEW) {
-      if (m_requestKeyIndex.find(keyNameTLV) != m_requestKeyIndex.end()
-            && !m_requestKeyIndex.find(keyNameTLV)->second.empty()){
-        BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Request for " + keyNameTLV.toUri() + " already exists"));
-        return;
-      }
-      if (m_certsKeyIndex.find(keyNameTLV) != m_certsKeyIndex.end()) {
-        BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Cert for " + keyNameTLV.toUri() + " already exists"));
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-
   auto search = m_requests.find(request.m_requestId);
   if (search == m_requests.end()) {
     m_requests[request.m_requestId] = request;
-    m_requestKeyIndex[keyNameTLV].insert(request.m_requestId);
   }
   else {
-    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Request " + request.m_requestId + " already exists"));
+    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("Request " + request.m_requestId + " already exists"));
   }
 }
 
@@ -79,8 +70,6 @@
   auto search = m_requests.find(requestId);
   auto keyName = search->second.m_cert.getKeyName();
   if (search != m_requests.end()) {
-    m_requestKeyIndex.find(keyName)->second.erase(requestId);
-    if (m_requestKeyIndex.find(keyName)->second.empty()) m_requestKeyIndex.erase(keyName);
     m_requests.erase(search);
   }
 }
@@ -107,68 +96,5 @@
   return result;
 }
 
-// certificate related
-security::v2::Certificate
-CaMemory::getCertificate(const std::string& certId)
-{
-  auto search = m_issuedCerts.find(certId);
-  if (search != m_issuedCerts.end()) {
-    return search->second;
-  }
-  BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Certificate with ID " + certId + " does not exists"));
-}
-
-void
-CaMemory::addCertificate(const std::string& certId, const security::v2::Certificate& cert)
-{
-  auto search = m_issuedCerts.find(certId);
-  if (search == m_issuedCerts.end()) {
-    m_issuedCerts[certId] = cert;
-    m_certsKeyIndex[cert.getKeyName()] = certId;
-  }
-  else {
-    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Certificate " + cert.getName().toUri() + " already exists"));
-  }
-}
-
-void
-CaMemory::updateCertificate(const std::string& certId, const security::v2::Certificate& cert)
-{
-  m_issuedCerts[certId] = cert;
-}
-
-void
-CaMemory::deleteCertificate(const std::string& certId)
-{
-  auto search = m_issuedCerts.find(certId);
-  if (search != m_issuedCerts.end()) {
-    m_certsKeyIndex.erase(search->second.getKeyName());
-    m_issuedCerts.erase(search);
-  }
-}
-
-std::list<security::v2::Certificate>
-CaMemory::listAllIssuedCertificates()
-{
-  std::list<security::v2::Certificate> result;
-  for (const auto& entry : m_issuedCerts) {
-    result.push_back(entry.second);
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
-std::list<security::v2::Certificate>
-CaMemory::listAllIssuedCertificates(const Name& caName)
-{
-  std::list<security::v2::Certificate> result;
-  for (const auto& entry : m_issuedCerts) {
-    const auto& klName = entry.second.getSignature().getKeyLocator().getName();
-    if (security::v2::extractIdentityFromKeyName(klName) == caName) {
-      result.push_back(entry.second);
-    }
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
 } // namespace ndncert
 } // namespace ndn
diff --git a/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-memory.hpp b/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-memory.hpp
index 25b2e25..eeb3397 100644
--- a/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-memory.hpp
+++ b/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-memory.hpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 class CaMemory : public CaStorage
 {
 public:
+  CaMemory(const Name& caName = Name(), const std::string& path = "");
   const static std::string STORAGE_TYPE;
 
 public:
@@ -51,30 +52,8 @@
   std::list<CaState>
   listAllRequests(const Name& caName) override;
 
-  // certificate related
-  security::v2::Certificate
-  getCertificate(const std::string& certId) override;
-
-  void
-  addCertificate(const std::string& certId, const security::v2::Certificate& cert) override;
-
-  void
-  updateCertificate(const std::string& certId, const security::v2::Certificate& cert) override;
-
-  void
-  deleteCertificate(const std::string& certId) override;
-
-  std::list<security::v2::Certificate>
-  listAllIssuedCertificates() override;
-
-  std::list<security::v2::Certificate>
-  listAllIssuedCertificates(const Name& caName) override;
-
 private:
-  std::map<std::string, CaState> m_requests;
-  std::map<std::string, security::v2::Certificate> m_issuedCerts;
-  std::map<Name, std::set<std::string>> m_requestKeyIndex;
-  std::map<Name, std::string> m_certsKeyIndex;
+  std::map<Name, CaState> m_requests;
 };
 
 } // namespace ndncert
diff --git a/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-sqlite.cpp b/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-sqlite.cpp
index a658c43..8292f36 100644
--- a/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-sqlite.cpp
+++ b/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-sqlite.cpp
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
     ca_name BLOB NOT NULL,
     request_type INTEGER NOT NULL,
     status INTEGER NOT NULL,
-    cert_key_name BLOB NOT NULL,
     cert_request BLOB NOT NULL,
     challenge_type TEXT,
     challenge_status TEXT,
@@ -55,40 +54,32 @@
   );
 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS
   CaStateIdIndex ON CaStates(request_id);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS
-  CaStateKeyNameIndex ON CaStates(cert_key_name);
-
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS
-  IssuedCerts(
-    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-    cert_id TEXT NOT NULL,
-    cert_key_name BLOB NOT NULL,
-    cert BLOB NOT NULL
-  );
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS
-  IssuedCertIdIndex ON IssuedCerts(cert_id);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS
-  IssuedCertKeyNameIndex ON IssuedCerts(cert_key_name);
 )_DBTEXT_";
 
-CaSqlite::CaSqlite(const std::string& location)
+CaSqlite::CaSqlite(const Name& caName, const std::string& path)
     : CaStorage()
 {
   // Determine the path of sqlite db
   boost::filesystem::path dbDir;
-  if (!location.empty()) {
-    dbDir = boost::filesystem::path(location);
-  }
-  else if (getenv("HOME") != nullptr) {
-    dbDir = boost::filesystem::path(getenv("HOME")) / ".ndn";
+  if (!path.empty()) {
+    dbDir = boost::filesystem::path(path);
   }
   else {
-    dbDir = boost::filesystem::current_path() / ".ndn";
+    std::string dbName = caName.toUri();
+    std::replace(dbName.begin(), dbName.end(), '/', '_');
+    dbName += ".db";
+    if (getenv("HOME") != nullptr) {
+      dbDir = boost::filesystem::path(getenv("HOME")) / ".ndncert";
+    }
+    else {
+      dbDir = boost::filesystem::current_path() / ".ndncert";
+    }
+    boost::filesystem::create_directories(dbDir);
+    dbDir /= dbName;
   }
-  boost::filesystem::create_directories(dbDir);
 
   // open and initialize database
-  int result = sqlite3_open_v2((dbDir / "ndncert-ca.db").c_str(), &m_database,
+  int result = sqlite3_open_v2(dbDir.c_str(), &m_database,
                                SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE,
 #ifdef NDN_CXX_DISABLE_SQLITE3_FS_LOCKING
                                "unix-dotfile"
@@ -97,7 +88,7 @@
 #endif
   );
   if (result != SQLITE_OK)
-    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("CaSqlite DB cannot be opened/created: " + dbDir.string()));
+    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("CaSqlite DB cannot be opened/created: " + dbDir.string()));
 
   // initialize database specific tables
   char* errorMessage = nullptr;
@@ -105,7 +96,7 @@
                         nullptr, nullptr, &errorMessage);
   if (result != SQLITE_OK && errorMessage != nullptr) {
     sqlite3_free(errorMessage);
-    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("CaSqlite DB cannot be initialized"));
+    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("CaSqlite DB cannot be initialized"));
   }
 }
 
@@ -148,57 +139,36 @@
     }
   }
   else {
-    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Request " + requestId + " cannot be fetched from database"));
+    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("Request " + requestId + " cannot be fetched from database"));
   }
 }
 
 void
 CaSqlite::addRequest(const CaState& request)
 {
-
-  // check whether request is there already
-  auto keyNameTlv = request.m_cert.getKeyName().wireEncode();
-  if (request.m_requestType == RequestType::NEW) {
-    Sqlite3Statement statement1(m_database,
-                                R"_SQLTEXT_(SELECT 1 FROM CaStates where cert_key_name = ?)_SQLTEXT_");
-    statement1.bind(1, keyNameTlv, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    if (statement1.step() == SQLITE_ROW) {
-      BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Request for " + request.m_cert.getKeyName().toUri() + " already exists"));
-    }
-
-    // check whether certificate is already issued
-    Sqlite3Statement statement2(m_database,
-                                R"_SQLTEXT_(SELECT 1 FROM IssuedCerts where cert_key_name = ?)_SQLTEXT_");
-    statement2.bind(1, keyNameTlv, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    if (statement2.step() == SQLITE_ROW) {
-      BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Cert for " + request.m_cert.getKeyName().toUri() + " already exists"));
-    }
-  }
-
   Sqlite3Statement statement(
       m_database,
       R"_SQLTEXT_(INSERT OR ABORT INTO CaStates (request_id, ca_name, status, request_type,
-                  cert_key_name, cert_request, challenge_type, challenge_status, challenge_secrets,
+                  cert_request, challenge_type, challenge_status, challenge_secrets,
                   challenge_tp, remaining_tries, remaining_time, encryption_key)
-                  values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?))_SQLTEXT_");
+                  values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?))_SQLTEXT_");
   statement.bind(1, request.m_requestId, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
   statement.bind(2, request.m_caPrefix.wireEncode(), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
   statement.bind(3, static_cast<int>(request.m_status));
   statement.bind(4, static_cast<int>(request.m_requestType));
-  statement.bind(5, keyNameTlv, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  statement.bind(6, request.m_cert.wireEncode(), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  statement.bind(13, request.m_encryptionKey, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  statement.bind(5, request.m_cert.wireEncode(), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  statement.bind(12, request.m_encryptionKey, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
   if (request.m_challengeState) {
-    statement.bind(7, request.m_challengeType, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    statement.bind(8, request.m_challengeState->m_challengeStatus, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    statement.bind(9, convertJson2String(request.m_challengeState->m_secrets),
+    statement.bind(6, request.m_challengeType, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+    statement.bind(7, request.m_challengeState->m_challengeStatus, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+    statement.bind(8, convertJson2String(request.m_challengeState->m_secrets),
                    SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    statement.bind(10, time::toIsoString(request.m_challengeState->m_timestamp), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-    statement.bind(11, request.m_challengeState->m_remainingTries);
-    statement.bind(12, request.m_challengeState->m_remainingTime.count());
+    statement.bind(9, time::toIsoString(request.m_challengeState->m_timestamp), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+    statement.bind(10, request.m_challengeState->m_remainingTries);
+    statement.bind(11, request.m_challengeState->m_remainingTime.count());
   }
   if (statement.step() != SQLITE_DONE) {
-    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Request " + request.m_requestId + " cannot be added to database"));
+    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::runtime_error("Request " + request.m_requestId + " cannot be added to database"));
   }
 }
 
@@ -239,7 +209,7 @@
 {
   std::list<CaState> result;
   Sqlite3Statement statement(m_database, R"_SQLTEXT_(SELECT id, request_id, ca_name, status,
-                             challenge_status, cert_key_name, cert_request, challenge_type, challenge_secrets,
+                             challenge_status, cert_request, challenge_type, challenge_secrets,
                              challenge_tp, remaining_tries, remaining_time, request_type, encryption_key
                              FROM CaStates)_SQLTEXT_");
   while (statement.step() == SQLITE_ROW) {
@@ -247,14 +217,14 @@
     Name caName(statement.getBlock(2));
     auto status = static_cast<Status>(statement.getInt(3));
     auto challengeStatus = statement.getString(4);
-    security::v2::Certificate cert(statement.getBlock(6));
-    auto challengeType = statement.getString(7);
-    auto challengeSecrets = statement.getString(8);
-    auto challengeTp = statement.getString(9);
-    auto remainingTries = statement.getInt(10);
-    auto remainingTime = statement.getInt(11);
-    auto requestType = static_cast<RequestType>(statement.getInt(12));
-    auto encryptionKey = statement.getBlock(13);
+    security::v2::Certificate cert(statement.getBlock(5));
+    auto challengeType = statement.getString(6);
+    auto challengeSecrets = statement.getString(7);
+    auto challengeTp = statement.getString(8);
+    auto remainingTries = statement.getInt(9);
+    auto remainingTime = statement.getInt(10);
+    auto requestType = static_cast<RequestType>(statement.getInt(11));
+    auto encryptionKey = statement.getBlock(12);
     if (challengeType != "") {
       result.push_back(CaState(caName, requestId, requestType, status, cert,
                                challengeType, challengeStatus, time::fromIsoString(challengeTp),
@@ -274,7 +244,7 @@
   std::list<CaState> result;
   Sqlite3Statement statement(m_database,
                              R"_SQLTEXT_(SELECT id, request_id, ca_name, status,
-                             challenge_status, cert_key_name, cert_request, challenge_type, challenge_secrets,
+                             challenge_status, cert_request, challenge_type, challenge_secrets,
                              challenge_tp, remaining_tries, remaining_time, request_type, encryption_key
                              FROM CaStates WHERE ca_name = ?)_SQLTEXT_");
   statement.bind(1, caName.wireEncode(), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
@@ -284,14 +254,14 @@
     Name caName(statement.getBlock(2));
     auto status = static_cast<Status>(statement.getInt(3));
     auto challengeStatus = statement.getString(4);
-    security::v2::Certificate cert(statement.getBlock(6));
-    auto challengeType = statement.getString(7);
-    auto challengeSecrets = statement.getString(8);
-    auto challengeTp = statement.getString(9);
-    auto remainingTries = statement.getInt(10);
-    auto remainingTime = statement.getInt(11);
-    auto requestType = static_cast<RequestType>(statement.getInt(12));
-    auto encryptionKey = statement.getBlock(13);
+    security::v2::Certificate cert(statement.getBlock(5));
+    auto challengeType = statement.getString(6);
+    auto challengeSecrets = statement.getString(7);
+    auto challengeTp = statement.getString(8);
+    auto remainingTries = statement.getInt(9);
+    auto remainingTime = statement.getInt(10);
+    auto requestType = static_cast<RequestType>(statement.getInt(11));
+    auto encryptionKey = statement.getBlock(12);
     if (challengeType != "") {
       result.push_back(CaState(caName, requestId, requestType, status, cert,
                                challengeType, challengeStatus, time::fromIsoString(challengeTp),
@@ -314,83 +284,5 @@
   statement.step();
 }
 
-security::v2::Certificate
-CaSqlite::getCertificate(const std::string& certId)
-{
-  Sqlite3Statement statement(m_database,
-                             R"_SQLTEXT_(SELECT cert FROM IssuedCerts where cert_id = ?)_SQLTEXT_");
-  statement.bind(1, certId, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-
-  if (statement.step() == SQLITE_ROW) {
-    return security::v2::Certificate(statement.getBlock(0));
-  }
-  else {
-    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Certificate with ID " + certId + " cannot be fetched from database"));
-  }
-}
-
-void
-CaSqlite::addCertificate(const std::string& certId, const security::v2::Certificate& cert)
-{
-  Sqlite3Statement statement(m_database,
-                             R"_SQLTEXT_(INSERT INTO IssuedCerts (cert_id, cert_key_name, cert)
-                             values (?, ?, ?))_SQLTEXT_");
-  statement.bind(1, certId, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  statement.bind(2, cert.getKeyName().wireEncode(), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  statement.bind(3, cert.wireEncode(), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-
-  if (statement.step() != SQLITE_DONE) {
-    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(Error("Certificate " + cert.getName().toUri() + " cannot be added to database"));
-  }
-}
-
-void
-CaSqlite::updateCertificate(const std::string& certId, const security::v2::Certificate& cert)
-{
-  Sqlite3Statement statement(m_database,
-                             R"_SQLTEXT_(UPDATE IssuedCerts SET cert = ? WHERE cert_id = ?)_SQLTEXT_");
-  statement.bind(1, cert.wireEncode(), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  statement.bind(2, certId, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-
-  if (statement.step() != SQLITE_DONE) {
-    addCertificate(certId, cert);
-  }
-}
-
-void
-CaSqlite::deleteCertificate(const std::string& certId)
-{
-  Sqlite3Statement statement(m_database,
-                             R"_SQLTEXT_(DELETE FROM IssuedCerts WHERE cert_id = ?)_SQLTEXT_");
-  statement.bind(1, certId, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
-  statement.step();
-}
-
-std::list<security::v2::Certificate>
-CaSqlite::listAllIssuedCertificates()
-{
-  std::list<security::v2::Certificate> result;
-  Sqlite3Statement statement(m_database, R"_SQLTEXT_(SELECT * FROM IssuedCerts)_SQLTEXT_");
-
-  while (statement.step() == SQLITE_ROW) {
-    result.emplace_back(statement.getBlock(3));
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
-std::list<security::v2::Certificate>
-CaSqlite::listAllIssuedCertificates(const Name& caName)
-{
-  auto allCerts = listAllIssuedCertificates();
-  std::list<security::v2::Certificate> result;
-  for (const auto& entry : allCerts) {
-    const auto& klName = entry.getSignature().getKeyLocator().getName();
-    if (security::v2::extractIdentityFromKeyName(klName) == caName) {
-      result.push_back(entry);
-    }
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
 }  // namespace ndncert
 }  // namespace ndn
diff --git a/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-sqlite.hpp b/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-sqlite.hpp
index eac49dd..e97b15c 100644
--- a/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-sqlite.hpp
+++ b/src/ca-storage-detail/ca-sqlite.hpp
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@
   const static std::string STORAGE_TYPE;
 
   explicit
-  CaSqlite(const std::string& location = "");
+  CaSqlite(const Name& caName, const std::string& path = "");
 
   ~CaSqlite();
 
 public:
-  // certificate request related
+  // request related
   CaState
   getRequest(const std::string& requestId) override;
 
@@ -59,25 +59,6 @@
   std::list<CaState>
   listAllRequests(const Name& caName) override;
 
-  // certificate related
-  security::v2::Certificate
-  getCertificate(const std::string& certId) override;
-
-  void
-  addCertificate(const std::string& certId, const security::v2::Certificate& cert) override;
-
-  void
-  updateCertificate(const std::string& certId, const security::v2::Certificate& cert) override;
-
-  void
-  deleteCertificate(const std::string& certId) override;
-
-  std::list<security::v2::Certificate>
-  listAllIssuedCertificates() override;
-
-  std::list<security::v2::Certificate>
-  listAllIssuedCertificates(const Name& caName) override;
-
 private:
   sqlite3* m_database;
 };
diff --git a/src/ca-storage.cpp b/src/ca-storage.cpp
index fbdae64..683e9a3 100644
--- a/src/ca-storage.cpp
+++ b/src/ca-storage.cpp
@@ -23,14 +23,12 @@
 namespace ndn {
 namespace ndncert {
 
-CaStorage::~CaStorage() = default;
-
 unique_ptr<CaStorage>
-CaStorage::createCaStorage(const std::string& caStorageType)
+CaStorage::createCaStorage(const std::string& caStorageType, const Name& caName, const std::string& path)
 {
   CaStorageFactory& factory = getFactory();
   auto i = factory.find(caStorageType);
-  return i == factory.end() ? nullptr : i->second();
+  return i == factory.end() ? nullptr : i->second(caName, path);
 }
 
 CaStorage::CaStorageFactory&
diff --git a/src/ca-storage.hpp b/src/ca-storage.hpp
index b4d5194..c2ca1c5 100644
--- a/src/ca-storage.hpp
+++ b/src/ca-storage.hpp
@@ -28,20 +28,7 @@
 
 class CaStorage : noncopyable
 {
-public:
-  /**
-   * @brief Error that can be thrown from CaStorage
-   */
-  class Error : public std::runtime_error
-  {
-  public:
-    using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
-  };
-
-  virtual
-  ~CaStorage();
-
-public: // certificate request related
+public: // request related
   virtual CaState
   getRequest(const std::string& requestId) = 0;
 
@@ -60,25 +47,6 @@
   virtual std::list<CaState>
   listAllRequests(const Name& caName) = 0;
 
-public: // certificate related
-  virtual security::v2::Certificate
-  getCertificate(const std::string& certId) = 0;
-
-  virtual void
-  addCertificate(const std::string& certId, const security::v2::Certificate& cert) = 0;
-
-  virtual void
-  updateCertificate(const std::string& certId, const security::v2::Certificate& cert) = 0;
-
-  virtual void
-  deleteCertificate(const std::string& certId) = 0;
-
-  virtual std::list<security::v2::Certificate>
-  listAllIssuedCertificates() = 0;
-
-  virtual std::list<security::v2::Certificate>
-  listAllIssuedCertificates(const Name& caName) = 0;
-
 public: // factory
   template<class CaStorageType>
   static void
@@ -86,16 +54,19 @@
   {
     CaStorageFactory& factory = getFactory();
     BOOST_ASSERT(factory.count(caStorageType) == 0);
-    factory[caStorageType] = [] {
-      return make_unique<CaStorageType>();
+    factory[caStorageType] = [] (const Name& caName, const std::string& path) {
+      return make_unique<CaStorageType>(caName, path);
     };
   }
 
   static unique_ptr<CaStorage>
-  createCaStorage(const std::string& caStorageType);
+  createCaStorage(const std::string& caStorageType, const Name& caName, const std::string& path);
+
+  virtual
+  ~CaStorage() = default;
 
 private:
-  using CaStorageCreateFunc = function<unique_ptr<CaStorage> ()>;
+  using CaStorageCreateFunc = function<unique_ptr<CaStorage> (const Name&, const std::string&)>;
   using CaStorageFactory = std::map<std::string, CaStorageCreateFunc>;
 
   static CaStorageFactory&
diff --git a/tests/unit-tests/ca-memory.t.cpp b/tests/unit-tests/ca-memory.t.cpp
index e5229f2..ba996d8 100644
--- a/tests/unit-tests/ca-memory.t.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit-tests/ca-memory.t.cpp
@@ -28,51 +28,6 @@
 
 BOOST_FIXTURE_TEST_SUITE(TestCaMemory, IdentityManagementFixture)
 
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(Initialization)
-{
-  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(CaMemory storage);
-}
-
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(CertificateOperations)
-{
-  CaMemory storage;
-
-  auto identity1 = addIdentity(Name("/ndn/site1"));
-  auto key1 = identity1.getDefaultKey();
-  auto cert1 = key1.getDefaultCertificate();
-
-  // add operation
-  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(storage.addCertificate("123", cert1));
-
-  // get operation
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(storage.getCertificate("123"), cert1);
-
-  // list operation
-  auto allCerts = storage.listAllIssuedCertificates();
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(allCerts.size(), 1);
-
-  auto identity2 = addIdentity(Name("/ndn/site2"));
-  auto key2 = identity2.getDefaultKey();
-  auto cert2 = key2.getDefaultCertificate();
-  storage.addCertificate("456", cert2);
-
-  allCerts = storage.listAllIssuedCertificates();
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(allCerts.size(), 2);
-
-  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(storage.deleteCertificate("123"));
-
-  allCerts = storage.listAllIssuedCertificates();
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(allCerts.size(), 1);
-
-  auto identity3 = addIdentity(Name("/ndn/site3"));
-  auto key3 = identity3.getDefaultKey();
-  auto cert3 = key3.getDefaultCertificate();
-
-  // update operation
-  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(storage.updateCertificate("456", cert3));
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(storage.getCertificate("456"), cert3);
-}
-
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(RequestOperations)
 {
   CaMemory storage;
diff --git a/tests/unit-tests/ca-module.t.cpp b/tests/unit-tests/ca-module.t.cpp
index d18931f..062b502 100644
--- a/tests/unit-tests/ca-module.t.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit-tests/ca-module.t.cpp
@@ -38,12 +38,6 @@
   CaModule ca(face, m_keyChain, "tests/unit-tests/config-files/config-ca-1", "ca-storage-memory");
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ca.getCaConf().m_caItem.m_caPrefix, "/ndn");
 
-  auto identity = addIdentity(Name("/ndn/site2"));
-  auto key = identity.getDefaultKey();
-  auto cert = key.getDefaultCertificate();
-  ca.getCaStorage()->addCertificate("111", cert);
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ca.getCaStorage()->getCertificate("111").getIdentity(), Name("/ndn/site2"));
-
   advanceClocks(time::milliseconds(20), 60);
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ca.m_registeredPrefixHandles.size(), 2);
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(ca.m_interestFilterHandles.size(), 5);  // onInfo, onProbe, onNew, onChallenge, onRevoke
diff --git a/tests/unit-tests/ca-sqlite.t.cpp b/tests/unit-tests/ca-sqlite.t.cpp
index df7fab2..1367bd7 100644
--- a/tests/unit-tests/ca-sqlite.t.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit-tests/ca-sqlite.t.cpp
@@ -27,54 +27,9 @@
 
 BOOST_FIXTURE_TEST_SUITE(TestCaSqlite, DatabaseFixture)
 
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(Initialization)
-{
-  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(CaSqlite storage(dbDir.string()));
-}
-
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(CertificateOperations)
-{
-  CaSqlite storage(dbDir.string());
-
-  auto identity1 = addIdentity(Name("/ndn/site1"));
-  auto key1 = identity1.getDefaultKey();
-  auto cert1 = key1.getDefaultCertificate();
-
-  // add operation
-  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(storage.addCertificate("123", cert1));
-
-  // get operation
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(storage.getCertificate("123"), cert1);
-
-  // list operation
-  auto allCerts = storage.listAllIssuedCertificates();
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(allCerts.size(), 1);
-
-  auto identity2 = addIdentity(Name("/ndn/site2"));
-  auto key2 = identity2.getDefaultKey();
-  auto cert2 = key2.getDefaultCertificate();
-  storage.addCertificate("456", cert2);
-
-  allCerts = storage.listAllIssuedCertificates();
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(allCerts.size(), 2);
-
-  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(storage.deleteCertificate("123"));
-
-  allCerts = storage.listAllIssuedCertificates();
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(allCerts.size(), 1);
-
-  auto identity3 = addIdentity(Name("/ndn/site3"));
-  auto key3 = identity3.getDefaultKey();
-  auto cert3 = key3.getDefaultCertificate();
-
-  // update operation
-  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(storage.updateCertificate("456", cert3));
-  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(storage.getCertificate("456"), cert3);
-}
-
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(RequestOperations)
 {
-  CaSqlite storage(dbDir.string());
+  CaSqlite storage(Name(), dbDir.string() + "test.db");
 
   auto identity1 = addIdentity(Name("/ndn/site1"));
   auto key1 = identity1.getDefaultKey();
@@ -123,7 +78,7 @@
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(DuplicateAdd)
 {
-    CaSqlite storage(dbDir.string());
+    CaSqlite storage(Name(), dbDir.string() + "test.db");
 
     auto identity1 = addIdentity(Name("/ndn/site1"));
     auto key1 = identity1.getDefaultKey();
@@ -133,7 +88,7 @@
     CaState request1(Name("/ndn/site1"), "123", RequestType::NEW, Status::BEFORE_CHALLENGE, cert1, makeEmptyBlock(tlv::ContentType_Key));
     BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(storage.addRequest(request1));
     // add again
-    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(storage.addRequest(request1), std::exception);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(storage.addRequest(request1), std::runtime_error);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END() // TestCaModule
diff --git a/tools/ndncert-ca-server.cpp b/tools/ndncert-ca-server.cpp
index 0786654..a3e1c1f 100644
--- a/tools/ndncert-ca-server.cpp
+++ b/tools/ndncert-ca-server.cpp
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@
 #include <ndn-cxx/security/key-chain.hpp>
 
 #include <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
-#if BOOST_VERSION < 106700
-#include <boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time_duration.hpp>
-#endif
 #include <boost/program_options/options_description.hpp>
 #include <boost/program_options/parsers.hpp>
 #include <boost/program_options/variables_map.hpp>
@@ -98,6 +95,9 @@
           }
       });
   }
+  else {
+    
+  }
 
   face.processEvents();
   return 0;
diff --git a/tools/ndncert-ca-status.cpp b/tools/ndncert-ca-status.cpp
index e8ca561..1b3d75e 100644
--- a/tools/ndncert-ca-status.cpp
+++ b/tools/ndncert-ca-status.cpp
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
 {
   namespace po = boost::program_options;
   std::string caNameString = "";
-  po::options_description description("General Usage\n  ndncert-ca [-h] [-f] configFilePath-file\n");
+  po::options_description description("General Usage\n  ndncert-ca-status [-h] CA_NAME\n");
   description.add_options()
     ("help,h", "produce help message")
-    ("CAName,c", po::value<std::string>(&caNameString), "ca name");
+    ("CA_NAME", po::value<std::string>(&caNameString), "ca name");
   po::positional_options_description p;
   po::variables_map vm;
   try {
@@ -51,26 +51,18 @@
     std::cerr << description << std::endl;
     return 0;
   }
+  if (vm.count("CA_NAME") == 0) {
+    std::cerr << "ERROR: you must specify a CA identity." << std::endl;
+    return 2;
+  }
 
-  CaSqlite storage;
+  CaSqlite storage(Name(caNameString), "");
   std::list<CaState> requestList;
-  std::list<security::v2::Certificate> certList;
-  if (caNameString != "") {
-    requestList = storage.listAllRequests(Name(caNameString));
-    certList = storage.listAllIssuedCertificates(Name(caNameString));
-  }
-  else {
-    requestList = storage.listAllRequests();
-    certList = storage.listAllIssuedCertificates();
-  }
-  std::cerr << "The pending requests :" << std::endl;
+  requestList = storage.listAllRequests();
+  std::cerr << "The pending requests are :" << std::endl;
   for (const auto& entry : requestList) {
     std::cerr << entry;
   }
-  std::cerr << "\n\nThe issued certs :" << std::endl;
-  for (const auto& entry : certList) {
-    std::cerr << entry.getName().toUri() << std::endl;
-  }
   return 0;
 }