Add challenge module base class and PIN code challenge

Change-Id: I75c59bf1de921fad36563acdd37c1b4e80a29a3e
diff --git a/src/challenge-module/challenge-pin.cpp b/src/challenge-module/challenge-pin.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c19c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/challenge-module/challenge-pin.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2017, Regents of the University of California.
+ *
+ * This file is part of ndncert, a certificate management system based on NDN.
+ *
+ * ndncert is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+ * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+ * version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * ndncert is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+ * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+ * PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received copies of the GNU General Public License along with
+ * ndncert, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * See AUTHORS.md for complete list of ndncert authors and contributors.
+ */
+
+#include "challenge-pin.hpp"
+#include "json-helper.hpp"
+#include <ndn-cxx/util/random.hpp>
+
+namespace ndn {
+namespace ndncert {
+
+NDNCERT_REGISTER_CHALLENGE(ChallengePin, "PIN");
+
+const std::string ChallengePin::NEED_CODE = "need-code";
+const std::string ChallengePin::WRONG_CODE = "wrong-code";
+const std::string ChallengePin::FAILURE_TIMEOUT = "failure-timeout";
+const std::string ChallengePin::FAILURE_MAXRETRY = "failure-max-retry";
+
+const std::string ChallengePin::JSON_CODE_TP = "code-timepoint";
+const std::string ChallengePin::JSON_PIN_CODE = "code";
+const std::string ChallengePin::JSON_ATTEMPT_TIMES = "attempt-times";
+
+ChallengePin::ChallengePin(const size_t& maxAttemptTimes, const time::seconds& secretLifetime)
+  : ChallengeModule("PIN")
+  , m_secretLifetime(secretLifetime)
+  , m_maxAttemptTimes(maxAttemptTimes)
+{
+}
+
+JsonSection
+ChallengePin::processSelectInterest(const Interest& interest, CertificateRequest& request)
+{
+  // interest format: /CA/_SELECT/{"request-id":"id"}/PIN/<signature>
+  request.setStatus(NEED_CODE);
+  request.setChallengeType(CHALLENGE_TYPE);
+  request.setChallengeSecrets(generateStoredSecrets(time::system_clock::now(),
+                                                    generateSecureSecretCode(),
+                                                    m_maxAttemptTimes));
+  return genResponseChallengeJson(request.getRequestId(), CHALLENGE_TYPE, NEED_CODE);
+}
+
+JsonSection
+ChallengePin::processValidateInterest(const Interest& interest, CertificateRequest& request)
+{
+  // interest format: /CA/_VALIDATION/{"request-id":"id"}/PIN/{"code":"code"}/<signature>
+  JsonSection infoJson = getJsonFromNameComponent(interest.getName(), request.getCaName().size() + 3);
+  std::string givenCode = infoJson.get<std::string>(JSON_PIN_CODE);
+
+  const auto parsedSecret = parseStoredSecrets(request.getChallengeSecrets());
+  if (time::system_clock::now() - std::get<0>(parsedSecret) >= m_secretLifetime) {
+    // secret expires
+    request.setStatus(FAILURE_TIMEOUT);
+    request.setChallengeSecrets(JsonSection());
+    return genResponseChallengeJson(request.getRequestId(), CHALLENGE_TYPE, FAILURE_TIMEOUT);
+  }
+  else if (givenCode == std::get<1>(parsedSecret)) {
+    request.setStatus(SUCCESS);
+    request.setChallengeSecrets(JsonSection());
+    Name downloadName = genDownloadName(request.getCaName(), request.getRequestId());
+    return genResponseChallengeJson(request.getRequestId(), CHALLENGE_TYPE, SUCCESS, downloadName);
+  }
+  else {
+    // check rest attempt times
+    if (std::get<2>(parsedSecret) > 1) {
+      int restAttemptTimes = std::get<2>(parsedSecret) - 1;
+      request.setChallengeSecrets(generateStoredSecrets(std::get<0>(parsedSecret),
+                                                        std::get<1>(parsedSecret),
+                                                        restAttemptTimes));
+      return genResponseChallengeJson(request.getRequestId(), CHALLENGE_TYPE, WRONG_CODE);
+    }
+    else {
+      // run out times
+      request.setStatus(FAILURE_MAXRETRY);
+      request.setChallengeSecrets(JsonSection());
+      return genResponseChallengeJson(request.getRequestId(), CHALLENGE_TYPE, FAILURE_MAXRETRY);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+std::list<std::string>
+ChallengePin::getSelectRequirements()
+{
+  std::list<std::string> result;
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::list<std::string>
+ChallengePin::getValidateRequirements(const std::string& status)
+{
+  std::list<std::string> result;
+  if (status == NEED_CODE) {
+    result.push_back("Please input your verification code:");
+  }
+  else if (status == WRONG_CODE) {
+    result.push_back("Incorrect PIN code, please input your verification code:");
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+JsonSection
+ChallengePin::genChallengeInfo(const std::string& interestType, const std::string& status,
+                               const std::list<std::string>& paramList)
+{
+  JsonSection result;
+  if (interestType == "_SELECT") {
+    BOOST_ASSERT(paramList.size() == 0);
+  }
+  else if (interestType == "_VALIDATE") {
+    BOOST_ASSERT(paramList.size() == 1);
+    result.put(JSON_PIN_CODE, paramList.front());
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::tuple<time::system_clock::TimePoint, std::string, int>
+ChallengePin::parseStoredSecrets(const JsonSection& storedSecrets)
+{
+  auto tp = time::fromIsoString(storedSecrets.get<std::string>(JSON_CODE_TP));
+  std::string rightCode= storedSecrets.get<std::string>(JSON_PIN_CODE);
+  int attemptTimes = std::stoi(storedSecrets.get<std::string>(JSON_ATTEMPT_TIMES));
+
+  return std::make_tuple(tp, rightCode, attemptTimes);
+}
+
+JsonSection
+ChallengePin::generateStoredSecrets(const time::system_clock::TimePoint& tp,
+                                    const std::string& secretCode, int attempTimes)
+{
+  JsonSection json;
+  json.put(JSON_CODE_TP, time::toIsoString(tp));
+  json.put(JSON_PIN_CODE, secretCode);
+  json.put(JSON_ATTEMPT_TIMES, std::to_string(attempTimes));
+  return json;
+}
+
+std::string
+ChallengePin::generateSecureSecretCode()
+{
+  uint32_t securityCode = 0;
+  do {
+    securityCode = random::generateSecureWord32();
+  }
+  while (securityCode >= 4294000000);
+  securityCode /= 4294;
+  std::string result = std::to_string(securityCode);
+  while (result.length() < 6) {
+    result = "0" + result;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace ndncert
+} // namespace ndn
diff --git a/src/challenge-module/challenge-pin.hpp b/src/challenge-module/challenge-pin.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3e9e2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/challenge-module/challenge-pin.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2017, Regents of the University of California.
+ *
+ * This file is part of ndncert, a certificate management system based on NDN.
+ *
+ * ndncert is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+ * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+ * version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * ndncert is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+ * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+ * PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received copies of the GNU General Public License along with
+ * ndncert, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * See AUTHORS.md for complete list of ndncert authors and contributors.
+ */
+
+#ifndef NDNCERT_CHALLENGE_PIN_HPP
+#define NDNCERT_CHALLENGE_PIN_HPP
+
+#include "../challenge-module.hpp"
+#include <ndn-cxx/util/time.hpp>
+
+namespace ndn {
+namespace ndncert {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Provide PIN code based challenge
+ *
+ * @sa https://github.com/named-data/ndncert/wiki/NDN-Certificate-Management-Protocol
+ *
+ * The main process of this challenge module is:
+ *   1. End entity provides empty string. The first POLL is only for selection.
+ *   2. The challenge module will generate a PIN code in ChallengeDefinedField.
+ *   3. End entity provides the verification code from some way to challenge module.
+ *
+ * There are four specific status defined in this challenge:
+ *   NEED_CODE: When selection is made.
+ *   WRONG_CODE: Get wrong verification code but still with secret lifetime and max retry times.
+ *   FAILURE_TIMEOUT: When secret is out-dated.
+ *   FAILURE_MAXRETRY: When requester tries too many times.
+ */
+class ChallengePin : public ChallengeModule
+{
+public:
+  ChallengePin(const size_t& maxAttemptTimes = 3,
+               const time::seconds& secretLifetime = time::seconds(3600));
+
+PUBLIC_WITH_TESTS_ELSE_PROTECTED:
+  JsonSection
+  processSelectInterest(const Interest& interest, CertificateRequest& request) override;
+
+  JsonSection
+  processValidateInterest(const Interest& interest, CertificateRequest& request) override;
+
+  std::list<std::string>
+  getSelectRequirements() override;
+
+  std::list<std::string>
+  getValidateRequirements(const std::string& status) override;
+
+  JsonSection
+  genChallengeInfo(const std::string& interestType, const std::string& status,
+                   const std::list<std::string>& paramList) override;
+
+PUBLIC_WITH_TESTS_ELSE_PRIVATE:
+  static std::tuple<time::system_clock::TimePoint, std::string, int>
+  parseStoredSecrets(const JsonSection& storedSecret);
+
+  static JsonSection
+  generateStoredSecrets(const time::system_clock::TimePoint& tp, const std::string& secretCode,
+                        int attempTimes);
+
+  static std::string
+  generateSecureSecretCode();
+
+PUBLIC_WITH_TESTS_ELSE_PRIVATE:
+  static const std::string NEED_CODE;
+  static const std::string WRONG_CODE;
+  static const std::string FAILURE_TIMEOUT;
+  static const std::string FAILURE_MAXRETRY;
+
+  static const std::string JSON_CODE_TP;
+  static const std::string JSON_PIN_CODE;
+  static const std::string JSON_ATTEMPT_TIMES;
+
+private:
+  time::seconds m_secretLifetime;
+  int m_maxAttemptTimes;
+};
+
+} // namespace ndncert
+} // namespace ndn
+
+#endif // NDNCERT_CHALLENGE_PIN_HPP