diff --git a/ndn-cpp/wire/base.h b/ndn-cpp/wire/base.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8247d09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ndn-cpp/wire/base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil -*- */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Regents of the University of California
+ *                     Alexander Afanasyev
+ *
+ * BSD license, See the LICENSE file for more information
+ *
+ * Author: Alexander Afanasyev <alexander.afanasyev@ucla.edu>
+ */
+
+#ifndef NDN_WIRE_BASE_H
+#define NDN_WIRE_BASE_H
+
+#include "ndn-cpp/fields/signature-sha256-with-rsa.h"
+
+namespace ndn {
+namespace wire {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Class defining interface for double dispatch pattern (=visitor pattern)
+ *        to format variable fields in wire format
+ */
+class Base
+{
+public:
+  virtual void
+  appendSignature (std::ostream &os, const signature::Sha256WithRsa &signature, void *userData) = 0;
+};
+
+} // wire
+} // ndn
+
+#endif // NDN_WIRE_BASE_H
diff --git a/ndn-cpp/wire/ccnb.cc b/ndn-cpp/wire/ccnb.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86c3f5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ndn-cpp/wire/ccnb.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil -*- */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Regents of the University of California
+ *                     Alexander Afanasyev
+ *
+ * BSD license, See the LICENSE file for more information
+ *
+ * Author: Alexander Afanasyev <alexander.afanasyev@ucla.edu>
+ */
+
+#include "ccnb.h"
+#include "ndn-cpp/error.h"
+
+#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
+
+namespace ndn {
+namespace wire {
+
+#define CCN_TT_BITS 3
+#define CCN_TT_MASK ((1 << CCN_TT_BITS) - 1)
+#define CCN_MAX_TINY ((1 << (7-CCN_TT_BITS)) - 1)
+#define CCN_TT_HBIT ((unsigned char)(1 << 7))
+
+void
+Ccnb::appendBlockHeader (std::ostream &os, size_t val, Ccnb::ccn_tt tt)
+{
+  unsigned char buf[1+8*((sizeof(val)+6)/7)];
+  unsigned char *p = &(buf[sizeof(buf)-1]);
+  size_t n = 1;
+  p[0] = (CCN_TT_HBIT & ~Ccnb::CCN_CLOSE_TAG) |
+  ((val & CCN_MAX_TINY) << CCN_TT_BITS) |
+  (CCN_TT_MASK & tt);
+  val >>= (7-CCN_TT_BITS);
+  while (val != 0) {
+    (--p)[0] = (((unsigned char)val) & ~CCN_TT_HBIT) | Ccnb::CCN_CLOSE_TAG;
+    n++;
+    val >>= 7;
+  }
+  os.write (reinterpret_cast<const char*> (p), n);
+  // return n;
+}
+
+void
+Ccnb::appendNumber (std::ostream &os, uint32_t number)
+{
+  std::string numberStr = boost::lexical_cast<std::string> (number);
+
+  appendBlockHeader (os, numberStr.size (), Ccnb::CCN_UDATA);
+  numberStr.size ();
+  os.write (numberStr.c_str (), numberStr.size ());
+}
+
+void
+Ccnb::appendName (std::ostream &os, const Name &name)
+{
+  Ccnb::appendBlockHeader (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Name, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG); // <Name>
+  for (Name::const_iterator component = name.begin (); component != name.end (); component ++)
+    {
+      appendTaggedBlob (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Component, component->buf (), component->size ());
+    }
+  Ccnb::appendCloser (os);                                        // </Name>
+}
+
+void
+Ccnb::appendTimestampBlob (std::ostream &os, const TimeInterval &time)
+{
+  // CCNx method function implements some markers, which are not really defined anywhere else...
+
+  // Determine miminal number of bytes required to store the timestamp
+  int required_bytes = 2; // 12 bits for fractions of a second, 4 bits left for seconds. Sometimes it is enough
+  intmax_t ts = time.total_seconds () >> 4;
+  for (;  required_bytes < 7 && ts != 0; ts >>= 8) // not more than 6 bytes?
+     required_bytes++;
+
+  appendBlockHeader(os, required_bytes, Ccnb::CCN_BLOB);
+
+  // write part with seconds
+  ts = time.total_seconds () >> 4;
+  for (int i = 0; i < required_bytes - 2; i++)
+    os.put ( ts >> (8 * (required_bytes - 3 - i)) );
+
+  /* arithmetic contortions are to avoid overflowing 31 bits */
+  ts = ((time.total_seconds () & 15) << 12) +
+    (((time.total_nanoseconds () % 1000000000) / 5 * 8 + 195312) / 390625);
+  for (int i = required_bytes - 2; i < required_bytes; i++)
+    os.put ( ts >> (8 * (required_bytes - 1 - i)) );
+
+  // return len + required_bytes;
+}
+
+void
+Ccnb::appendExclude (std::ostream &os, const Exclude &exclude)
+{
+  appendBlockHeader (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Exclude, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG); // <Exclude>
+
+  for (Exclude::const_reverse_iterator item = exclude.rbegin (); item != exclude.rend (); item ++)
+    {
+      if (!item->first.empty ())
+        appendTaggedBlob (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Component, item->first.buf (), item->first.size ());
+      if (item->second)
+        {
+          appendBlockHeader (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Any, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG); // <Any>
+          appendCloser (os); // </Any>
+        }
+    }
+  appendCloser (os); // </Exclude>
+}
+
+void
+Ccnb::appendInterest (std::ostream &os, const Interest &interest)
+{
+  Ccnb::appendBlockHeader (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Interest, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG); // <Interest>
+
+  // this is used for now as an interest template. Name should be empty
+  // Ccnb::appendName (os, interest.getName ());
+  Ccnb::appendName (os, Name ());                              // <Component>...</Component>...
+
+  if (interest.getMinSuffixComponents () != Interest::ncomps)
+    {
+      appendTaggedNumber (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_MinSuffixComponents, interest.getMinSuffixComponents ());
+    }
+  if (interest.getMaxSuffixComponents () != Interest::ncomps)
+    {
+      appendTaggedNumber (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_MaxSuffixComponents, interest.getMaxSuffixComponents ());
+    }
+  if (interest.getExclude ().size () > 0)
+    {
+      appendExclude (os, interest.getExclude ());
+    }
+  if (interest.getChildSelector () != Interest::CHILD_DEFAULT)
+    {
+      appendTaggedNumber (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_ChildSelector, interest.getChildSelector ());
+    }
+  if (interest.getAnswerOriginKind () != Interest::AOK_DEFAULT)
+    {
+      appendTaggedNumber (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_AnswerOriginKind, interest.getAnswerOriginKind ());
+    }
+  if (interest.getScope () != Interest::NO_SCOPE)
+    {
+      appendTaggedNumber (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Scope, interest.getScope ());
+    }
+  if (!interest.getInterestLifetime ().is_negative ())
+    {
+      Ccnb::appendBlockHeader (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_InterestLifetime, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG);
+      Ccnb::appendTimestampBlob (os, interest.getInterestLifetime ());
+      Ccnb::appendCloser (os);
+    }
+  // if (GetNonce()>0)
+  //   {
+  //     uint32_t nonce = interest.GetNonce();
+  //     appendTaggedBlob (start, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Nonce, nonce);
+  //   }
+
+  // if (GetNack ()>0)
+  //   {
+  //     appendBlockHeader (start, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Nack, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG);
+  //     appendNumber (start, interest.GetNack ());
+  //     appendCloser (start);
+  //   }
+  Ccnb::appendCloser (os); // </Interest>
+}
+
+static void *SIGNATURE_Block = 0;
+static void *SINATURE_INFO_PublisherPublicKeyDigest = reinterpret_cast<void *> (1);
+static void *SINATURE_INFO_KeyLocator = reinterpret_cast<void *> (2);
+
+static const char TYPES [][3] =  {
+  {0x0C, 0x04, 0xC0},
+  {0x10, 0xD0, 0x91},
+  {0x18, 0xE3, 0x44},
+  {0x28, 0x46, 0x3F},
+  {0x2C, 0x83, 0x4A},
+  {0x34, 0x00, 0x8A}
+};
+
+void
+Ccnb::appendSignature (std::ostream &os, const signature::Sha256WithRsa &signature, void *userData)
+{
+  if (userData == SIGNATURE_Block)
+    {
+      Ccnb::appendBlockHeader (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Signature, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG); // <Signature>
+      // if (signature.getDigestAlgorithm () != "2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1")
+      //   {
+      //     appendString (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_DigestAlgorithm, signature.getDigestAlgorithm ());
+      //   }
+      appendTaggedBlob (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_SignatureBits, signature.getSignatureBits ());
+      Ccnb::appendCloser (os); // </Signature>
+    }
+  else if (userData == SINATURE_INFO_PublisherPublicKeyDigest)
+    {
+      Ccnb::appendTaggedBlob (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_PublisherPublicKeyDigest, signature.getPublisherKeyDigest ());
+    }
+  else if (userData == SINATURE_INFO_KeyLocator)
+    {
+      Ccnb::appendBlockHeader (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Signature, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG); // <Signature>
+      switch (signature.getKeyLocator ().getType ())
+        {
+        case KeyLocator::NOTSET:
+          break;
+        case KeyLocator::KEY:
+          Ccnb::appendTaggedBlob (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Key, signature.getKeyLocator ().getKey ());
+          break;
+        case KeyLocator::CERTIFICATE:
+          Ccnb::appendTaggedBlob (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Key, signature.getKeyLocator ().getCertificate ());
+          break;
+        case KeyLocator::KEYNAME:
+          Ccnb::appendBlockHeader (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_KeyName, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG); // <KeyName>
+          Ccnb::appendName (os, signature.getKeyLocator ().getKeyName ());
+          Ccnb::appendCloser (os); // </KeyName>
+          break;
+        }
+      Ccnb::appendCloser (os); // </Signature>
+    }
+  // other cases should not be possible, but don't do anything
+}
+
+void
+Ccnb::appendData (std::ostream &os, const Data &data)
+{
+  if (!data.getSignature ())
+    BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION (error::wire::Ccnb ()
+                           << error::msg ("Signature is required, but not set"));
+
+  Ccnb::appendBlockHeader (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_ContentObject, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG); // <ContentObject>
+
+  // necessary for now, because of the changed storage order
+  data.getSignature ()->doubleDispatch (os, *this, SIGNATURE_Block);
+
+  Ccnb::appendName (os, data.getName ());
+
+  Ccnb::appendBlockHeader (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_SignedInfo, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG); // <SignedInfo>
+  data.getSignature ()->doubleDispatch (os, *this, SINATURE_INFO_PublisherPublicKeyDigest);
+
+  Ccnb::appendTimestampBlob (os, data.getContent ().getTimestamp ());
+
+  BOOST_ASSERT (sizeof (TYPES) == 3 * (static_cast<int> (Content::NACK)+1));
+  Ccnb::appendTaggedBlob (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Type, TYPES [data.getContent ().getType ()], 3);
+
+  if (data.getContent ().getFreshness () != Content::noFreshness)
+    {
+      Ccnb::appendTaggedNumber (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_FreshnessSeconds,
+                                data.getContent ().getFreshness ().total_seconds ());
+    }
+
+  if (data.getContent ().getFinalBlockId () != Content::noFinalBlock)
+    {
+      Ccnb::appendTaggedBlob (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_FinalBlockID, data.getContent ().getFinalBlockId ());
+    }
+
+  data.getSignature ()->doubleDispatch (os, *this, SINATURE_INFO_KeyLocator);
+  Ccnb::appendCloser (os); // </SignedInfo>
+
+  Ccnb::appendTaggedBlob (os, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG_Content, data.content ());
+
+  Ccnb::appendCloser (os); // </ContentObject>
+}
+
+} // namespace wire
+} // namespace ndn
diff --git a/ndn-cpp/wire/ccnb.h b/ndn-cpp/wire/ccnb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc99bad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ndn-cpp/wire/ccnb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil -*- */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Regents of the University of California
+ *                     Alexander Afanasyev
+ *
+ * BSD license, See the LICENSE file for more information
+ *
+ * Author: Alexander Afanasyev <alexander.afanasyev@ucla.edu>
+ */
+
+#ifndef NDN_WIRE_CCNB_H
+#define NDN_WIRE_CCNB_H
+
+#include "base.h"
+
+#include "ndn-cpp/interest.h"
+#include "ndn-cpp/data.h"
+
+namespace ndn {
+namespace wire {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Class for working with ccnb encoding
+ */
+class Ccnb : public Base
+{
+public:
+  /**
+   * \brief Type tag for a ccnb start marker.
+   *
+   * \see http://www.ccnx.org/releases/latest/doc/technical/DTAG.html
+   */
+  enum ccn_tt {
+    CCN_EXT,        /**< starts composite extension - numval is subtype */
+    CCN_TAG,        /**< starts composite - numval is tagnamelen-1 */
+    CCN_DTAG,       /**< starts composite - numval is tagdict index (enum ccn_dtag) */
+    CCN_ATTR,       /**< attribute - numval is attrnamelen-1, value follows */
+    CCN_DATTR,      /**< attribute numval is attrdict index */
+    CCN_BLOB,       /**< opaque binary data - numval is byte count */
+    CCN_UDATA,      /**< UTF-8 encoded character data - numval is byte count */
+    CCN_NO_TOKEN    /**< should not occur in encoding */
+  };
+
+  /** \brief CCN_CLOSE_TAG terminates composites */
+  enum {CCN_CLOSE_TAG = 0};
+
+  /**
+   * \brief DTAG identifies ccnb-encoded elements.
+   *
+   * \see http://www.ccnx.org/releases/latest/doc/technical/DTAG.html
+   */
+  enum ccn_dtag {
+    CCN_DTAG_Any = 13,
+    CCN_DTAG_Name = 14,
+    CCN_DTAG_Component = 15,
+    CCN_DTAG_Certificate = 16,
+    CCN_DTAG_Collection = 17,
+    CCN_DTAG_CompleteName = 18,
+    CCN_DTAG_Content = 19,
+    CCN_DTAG_SignedInfo = 20,
+    CCN_DTAG_ContentDigest = 21,
+    CCN_DTAG_ContentHash = 22,
+    CCN_DTAG_Count = 24,
+    CCN_DTAG_Header = 25,
+    CCN_DTAG_Interest = 26,	/* 20090915 */
+    CCN_DTAG_Key = 27,
+    CCN_DTAG_KeyLocator = 28,
+    CCN_DTAG_KeyName = 29,
+    CCN_DTAG_Length = 30,
+    CCN_DTAG_Link = 31,
+    CCN_DTAG_LinkAuthenticator = 32,
+    CCN_DTAG_NameComponentCount = 33,	/* DeprecatedInInterest */
+    CCN_DTAG_RootDigest = 36,
+    CCN_DTAG_Signature = 37,
+    CCN_DTAG_Start = 38,
+    CCN_DTAG_Timestamp = 39,
+    CCN_DTAG_Type = 40,
+    CCN_DTAG_Nonce = 41,
+    CCN_DTAG_Scope = 42,
+    CCN_DTAG_Exclude = 43,
+    CCN_DTAG_Bloom = 44,
+    CCN_DTAG_BloomSeed = 45,
+    CCN_DTAG_AnswerOriginKind = 47,
+    CCN_DTAG_InterestLifetime = 48,
+    CCN_DTAG_Witness = 53,
+    CCN_DTAG_SignatureBits = 54,
+    CCN_DTAG_DigestAlgorithm = 55,
+    CCN_DTAG_BlockSize = 56,
+    CCN_DTAG_FreshnessSeconds = 58,
+    CCN_DTAG_FinalBlockID = 59,
+    CCN_DTAG_PublisherPublicKeyDigest = 60,
+    CCN_DTAG_PublisherCertificateDigest = 61,
+    CCN_DTAG_PublisherIssuerKeyDigest = 62,
+    CCN_DTAG_PublisherIssuerCertificateDigest = 63,
+    CCN_DTAG_ContentObject = 64,	/* 20090915 */
+    CCN_DTAG_WrappedKey = 65,
+    CCN_DTAG_WrappingKeyIdentifier = 66,
+    CCN_DTAG_WrapAlgorithm = 67,
+    CCN_DTAG_KeyAlgorithm = 68,
+    CCN_DTAG_Label = 69,
+    CCN_DTAG_EncryptedKey = 70,
+    CCN_DTAG_EncryptedNonceKey = 71,
+    CCN_DTAG_WrappingKeyName = 72,
+    CCN_DTAG_Action = 73,
+    CCN_DTAG_FaceID = 74,
+    CCN_DTAG_IPProto = 75,
+    CCN_DTAG_Host = 76,
+    CCN_DTAG_Port = 77,
+    CCN_DTAG_MulticastInterface = 78,
+    CCN_DTAG_ForwardingFlags = 79,
+    CCN_DTAG_FaceInstance = 80,
+    CCN_DTAG_ForwardingEntry = 81,
+    CCN_DTAG_MulticastTTL = 82,
+    CCN_DTAG_MinSuffixComponents = 83,
+    CCN_DTAG_MaxSuffixComponents = 84,
+    CCN_DTAG_ChildSelector = 85,
+    CCN_DTAG_RepositoryInfo = 86,
+    CCN_DTAG_Version = 87,
+    CCN_DTAG_RepositoryVersion = 88,
+    CCN_DTAG_GlobalPrefix = 89,
+    CCN_DTAG_LocalName = 90,
+    CCN_DTAG_Policy = 91,
+    CCN_DTAG_Namespace = 92,
+    CCN_DTAG_GlobalPrefixName = 93,
+    CCN_DTAG_PolicyVersion = 94,
+    CCN_DTAG_KeyValueSet = 95,
+    CCN_DTAG_KeyValuePair = 96,
+    CCN_DTAG_IntegerValue = 97,
+    CCN_DTAG_DecimalValue = 98,
+    CCN_DTAG_StringValue = 99,
+    CCN_DTAG_BinaryValue = 100,
+    CCN_DTAG_NameValue = 101,
+    CCN_DTAG_Entry = 102,
+    CCN_DTAG_ACL = 103,
+    CCN_DTAG_ParameterizedName = 104,
+    CCN_DTAG_Prefix = 105,
+    CCN_DTAG_Suffix = 106,
+    CCN_DTAG_Root = 107,
+    CCN_DTAG_ProfileName = 108,
+    CCN_DTAG_Parameters = 109,
+    CCN_DTAG_InfoString = 110,
+    CCN_DTAG_StatusResponse = 112,
+    CCN_DTAG_StatusCode = 113,
+    CCN_DTAG_StatusText = 114,
+    CCN_DTAG_Nack = 200,
+    CCN_DTAG_SequenceNumber = 256,
+    CCN_DTAG_CCNProtocolDataUnit = 17702112
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Append CCNB block header
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param value dictionary id of the block header
+   * @param block_type Type of CCNB block
+   */
+  static void
+  appendBlockHeader (std::ostream &os, size_t value, ccn_tt block_type);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Add number in CCNB encoding
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param number Number to be written
+   *
+   * @returns written length
+   */
+  static void
+  appendNumber (std::ostream &os, uint32_t number);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Append CCNB closer tag (size is 1)
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   */
+  inline static void
+  appendCloser (std::ostream &os);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Append Name in CCNB encoding
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param name constant reference to Name object
+   *
+   * @returns written length
+   */
+  static void
+  appendName (std::ostream &os, const Name &name);
+
+  /**
+   * Append a binary timestamp as a BLOB using the ccn binary
+   * Timestamp representation (12-bit fraction).
+   *
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param time reference to time duration object
+   */
+  static void
+  appendTimestampBlob (std::ostream &os, const TimeInterval &timestamp);
+
+  /**
+   * Append a binary timestamp as a BLOB using the ccn binary
+   * Timestamp representation (12-bit fraction).
+   *
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param time reference to Time (posix_time::ptime) object.
+   *             This method automatically calculates duration between time and gregorian::date(1970,1,1)
+   *             and calls the other version of the method
+   */
+  inline static void
+  appendTimestampBlob (std::ostream &os, const Time &time);
+
+  /**
+   * Append a tagged BLOB
+   *
+   * This is a ccnb-encoded element with containing the BLOB as content
+   *
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param dtag is the element's dtag
+   * @param data points to the binary data
+   * @param size is the size of the data, in bytes
+   */
+  inline static void
+  appendTaggedBlob (std::ostream &os, ccn_dtag dtag, const void *data, size_t size);
+
+  /**
+   * Append a tagged BLOB
+   *
+   * This is a ccnb-encoded element with containing the BLOB as content
+   *
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param dtag is the element's dtag
+   * @param blob reference to the data blob
+   */
+  inline static void
+  appendTaggedBlob (std::ostream &os, ccn_dtag dtag, const Blob &blob);
+
+  /**
+   * Append a tagged BLOB
+   *
+   * This is a ccnb-encoded element with containing the BLOB as content
+   *
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param dtag is the element's dtag
+   * @param data points to the binary data
+   * @param size is the size of the data, in bytes
+   */
+  inline static void
+  appendTaggedNumber (std::ostream &os, ccn_dtag dtag, uint32_t number);
+
+  /**
+   * Append a tagged string (should be a valid UTF-8 coded string)
+   *
+   * This is a ccnb-encoded element with containing UDATA as content
+   *
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param dtag is the element's dtag
+   * @param string UTF-8 string to be written
+   */
+  inline static void
+  appendString (std::ostream &os, ccn_dtag dtag, const std::string &string);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Format interest in CCNb encoding
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param interest Interest to be formatted
+   *
+   * @todo For now, this method is used to create Interest template, which doesn't output name to the stream
+   */
+  static void
+  appendInterest (std::ostream &os, const Interest &interest);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Append exclude filter in CCNb encoding
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param exclude Exclude filter to be formatted
+   */
+  static void
+  appendExclude (std::ostream &os, const Exclude &exclude);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Append signature in SHA256withRSA format
+   */
+  virtual void
+  appendSignature (std::ostream &os, const signature::Sha256WithRsa &signature, void *userData);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Format data in CCNb encoding
+   * @param os output stream to write
+   * @param data data to be formatted
+   */
+  void
+  appendData (std::ostream &os, const Data &data);
+};
+
+
+inline void
+Ccnb::appendCloser (std::ostream &os)
+{
+  os.put (Ccnb::CCN_CLOSE_TAG);
+}
+
+inline void
+Ccnb::appendTimestampBlob (std::ostream &os, const Time &time)
+{
+  appendTimestampBlob (os, time - time::UNIX_EPOCH_TIME);
+}
+
+inline void
+Ccnb::appendTaggedBlob (std::ostream &os, Ccnb::ccn_dtag dtag, const void *data, size_t size)
+{
+  appendBlockHeader (os, dtag, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG);
+  /* 2 */
+  if (size>0)
+    {
+      appendBlockHeader (os, size, Ccnb::CCN_BLOB);
+      os.write (reinterpret_cast<const char*> (data), size);
+      /* size */
+    }
+  appendCloser (os);
+  /* 1 */
+}
+
+inline void
+Ccnb::appendTaggedBlob (std::ostream &os, ccn_dtag dtag, const Blob &blob)
+{
+  appendTaggedBlob (os, dtag, blob.buf (), blob.size ());
+}
+
+inline void
+Ccnb::appendTaggedNumber (std::ostream &os, Ccnb::ccn_dtag dtag, uint32_t number)
+{
+  appendBlockHeader (os, dtag, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG);
+  {
+    appendNumber (os, number);
+  }
+  appendCloser (os);
+}
+
+inline void
+Ccnb::appendString (std::ostream &os, Ccnb::ccn_dtag dtag, const std::string &string)
+{
+  appendBlockHeader (os, dtag, Ccnb::CCN_DTAG);
+  {
+    appendBlockHeader (os, string.size (), Ccnb::CCN_UDATA);
+    os.write (string.c_str (), string.size ());
+  }
+  appendCloser (os);
+}
+
+} // wire
+} // ndn
+
+#endif // NDN_WIRE_CCNB_H