diff --git a/ndnboost/mpl/apply.hpp b/ndnboost/mpl/apply.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa18a98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ndnboost/mpl/apply.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING)
+
+///// header body
+
+#ifndef BOOST_MPL_APPLY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define BOOST_MPL_APPLY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// Copyright Aleksey Gurtovoy 2000-2004
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
+// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// See http://www.boost.org/libs/mpl for documentation.
+
+// $Id: apply.hpp 49267 2008-10-11 06:19:02Z agurtovoy $
+// $Date: 2008-10-10 23:19:02 -0700 (Fri, 10 Oct 2008) $
+// $Revision: 49267 $
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_MPL_PREPROCESSING_MODE)
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/apply_fwd.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/apply_wrap.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/placeholders.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/lambda.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/na.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/lambda_support.hpp>
+#endif
+
+#include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/config/use_preprocessed.hpp>
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_PREPROCESSED_HEADERS) \
+    && !defined(BOOST_MPL_PREPROCESSING_MODE)
+
+#   define BOOST_MPL_PREPROCESSED_HEADER apply.hpp
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/include_preprocessed.hpp>
+
+#else
+
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/limits/arity.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/preprocessor/params.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/preprocessor/default_params.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/preprocessor/partial_spec_params.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/preprocessor/enum.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/config/lambda.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/config/dtp.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/nttp_decl.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/config/eti.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/config/msvc.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/config/workaround.hpp>
+
+#   include <ndnboost/preprocessor/comma_if.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/preprocessor/inc.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/preprocessor/iterate.hpp>
+#   include <ndnboost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
+
+namespace ndnboost { namespace mpl {
+
+// local macros, #undef-ined at the end of the header
+#   define AUX778076_APPLY_PARAMS(param) \
+    BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS( \
+          BOOST_MPL_LIMIT_METAFUNCTION_ARITY \
+        , param \
+        ) \
+    /**/
+
+#   define AUX778076_APPLY_DEF_PARAMS(param, value) \
+    BOOST_MPL_PP_DEFAULT_PARAMS( \
+          BOOST_MPL_LIMIT_METAFUNCTION_ARITY \
+        , param \
+        , value \
+        ) \
+    /**/
+
+#   define AUX778076_APPLY_N_PARAMS(n, param) \
+    BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(n, param) \
+    /**/
+
+#   define AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS(n, param) \
+    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(n) \
+    BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(n, param) \
+    /**/
+
+#   define AUX778076_APPLY_N_PARTIAL_SPEC_PARAMS(n, param, def) \
+    BOOST_PP_COMMA_IF(n) \
+    BOOST_MPL_PP_PARTIAL_SPEC_PARAMS(n, param, def) \
+    /**/
+    
+#   define AUX778076_APPLY_N_SPEC_PARAMS(n, param) \
+    BOOST_MPL_PP_ENUM(BOOST_PP_INC(n), param) \
+    /**/
+
+
+#define BOOST_PP_ITERATION_PARAMS_1 \
+    (3,(0, BOOST_MPL_LIMIT_METAFUNCTION_ARITY, <ndnboost/mpl/apply.hpp>))
+#include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()
+
+#   if !defined(BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_APPLY_TEMPLATE)
+// real C++ version is already taken care of
+#   if defined(BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION)
+
+namespace aux {
+// apply_count_args
+#define AUX778076_COUNT_ARGS_PREFIX apply
+#define AUX778076_COUNT_ARGS_DEFAULT na
+#define AUX778076_COUNT_ARGS_ARITY BOOST_MPL_LIMIT_METAFUNCTION_ARITY
+#include <ndnboost/mpl/aux_/count_args.hpp>
+}
+
+
+template<
+      typename F, AUX778076_APPLY_DEF_PARAMS(typename T, na)
+    >
+struct apply
+    : aux::apply_chooser< 
+          aux::apply_count_args< AUX778076_APPLY_PARAMS(T) >::value
+        >::template result_< F, AUX778076_APPLY_PARAMS(T) >::type
+{
+};
+
+#   endif // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+#   endif // BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_APPLY_TEMPLATE
+
+#   undef AUX778076_APPLY_N_SPEC_PARAMS
+#   undef AUX778076_APPLY_N_PARTIAL_SPEC_PARAMS
+#   undef AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS
+#   undef AUX778076_APPLY_N_PARAMS
+#   undef AUX778076_APPLY_DEF_PARAMS
+#   undef AUX778076_APPLY_PARAMS
+
+}}
+
+#endif // BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_PREPROCESSED_HEADERS
+#endif // BOOST_MPL_APPLY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+///// iteration, depth == 1
+
+// For gcc 4.4 compatability, we must include the
+// BOOST_PP_ITERATION_DEPTH test inside an #else clause.
+#else // BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING
+#if BOOST_PP_ITERATION_DEPTH() == 1
+
+#   define i_ BOOST_PP_FRAME_ITERATION(1)
+
+template<
+      typename F AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS(i_, typename T)
+    >
+struct BOOST_PP_CAT(apply,i_)
+#if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1300)
+    : BOOST_PP_CAT(apply_wrap,i_)< 
+          typename lambda<F>::type
+        AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS(i_, T)
+        >
+{
+#else
+{
+    typedef typename BOOST_PP_CAT(apply_wrap,i_)< 
+          typename lambda<F>::type
+        AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS(i_, T)
+        >::type type;
+#endif
+    BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT(
+          BOOST_PP_INC(i_)
+        , BOOST_PP_CAT(apply,i_)
+        , (F AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS(i_,T))
+        )
+};
+
+
+#if defined(BOOST_MPL_CFG_MSVC_ETI_BUG)
+/// workaround for ETI bug
+template<>
+struct BOOST_PP_CAT(apply,i_)<AUX778076_APPLY_N_SPEC_PARAMS(i_, int)>
+{
+    typedef int type;
+};
+#endif
+
+#   if !defined(BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_APPLY_TEMPLATE)
+#   if !defined(BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION)
+
+#if i_ == BOOST_MPL_LIMIT_METAFUNCTION_ARITY
+/// primary template (not a specialization!)
+template<
+      typename F AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS(i_, typename T)
+    >
+struct apply
+    : BOOST_PP_CAT(apply,i_)< F AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS(i_, T) >
+{
+};
+#else
+template<
+      typename F AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS(i_, typename T)
+    >
+struct apply< F AUX778076_APPLY_N_PARTIAL_SPEC_PARAMS(i_, T, na) >
+    : BOOST_PP_CAT(apply,i_)< F AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS(i_, T) >
+{
+};
+#endif
+
+#   else // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_APPLY_TEMPLATE)
+namespace aux {
+
+template<>
+struct apply_chooser<i_>
+{
+    template<
+          typename F, AUX778076_APPLY_PARAMS(typename T)
+        >
+    struct result_
+    {
+        typedef BOOST_PP_CAT(apply,i_)<
+              F AUX778076_APPLY_N_COMMA_PARAMS(i_, T)
+            > type;
+    };
+};
+
+} // namespace aux
+#endif
+
+#   endif // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+#   endif // BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_APPLY_TEMPLATE
+
+#   undef i_
+
+#endif // BOOST_PP_ITERATION_DEPTH()
+#endif // BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING