diff --git a/daemon/nfd.cpp b/daemon/nfd.cpp
index 7ca271c..c4d312f 100644
--- a/daemon/nfd.cpp
+++ b/daemon/nfd.cpp
@@ -54,12 +54,19 @@
 {
 }
 
+Nfd::~Nfd()
+{
+  // It is necessary to explicitly define the destructor, because some member variables (e.g.,
+  // unique_ptr<Forwarder>) are forward-declared, but implicitly declared destructor requires
+  // complete types for all members when instantiated.
+}
+
 void
 Nfd::initialize()
 {
   initializeLogging();
 
-  m_forwarder = make_shared<Forwarder>();
+  m_forwarder.reset(new Forwarder());
 
   initializeManagement();
 
@@ -107,23 +114,16 @@
 {
   m_internalFace = make_shared<InternalFace>();
 
-  m_fibManager = make_shared<FibManager>(ref(m_forwarder->getFib()),
-                                         bind(&Forwarder::getFace, m_forwarder.get(), _1),
-                                         m_internalFace,
-                                         ndn::ref(m_keyChain));
+  m_fibManager.reset(new FibManager(m_forwarder->getFib(),
+                                    bind(&Forwarder::getFace, m_forwarder.get(), _1),
+                                    m_internalFace, m_keyChain));
 
-  m_faceManager = make_shared<FaceManager>(ref(m_forwarder->getFaceTable()),
-                                           m_internalFace,
-                                           ndn::ref(m_keyChain));
+  m_faceManager.reset(new FaceManager(m_forwarder->getFaceTable(), m_internalFace, m_keyChain));
 
-  m_strategyChoiceManager =
-    make_shared<StrategyChoiceManager>(ref(m_forwarder->getStrategyChoice()),
-                                       m_internalFace,
-                                       ndn::ref(m_keyChain));
+  m_strategyChoiceManager.reset(new StrategyChoiceManager(m_forwarder->getStrategyChoice(),
+                                                          m_internalFace, m_keyChain));
 
-  m_statusServer = make_shared<StatusServer>(m_internalFace,
-                                             ref(*m_forwarder),
-                                             ndn::ref(m_keyChain));
+  m_statusServer.reset(new StatusServer(m_internalFace, *m_forwarder, m_keyChain));
 
   ConfigFile config(&ignoreRibAndLogSections);
   general::setConfigFile(config);
diff --git a/daemon/nfd.hpp b/daemon/nfd.hpp
index f9cac45..92e6efd 100644
--- a/daemon/nfd.hpp
+++ b/daemon/nfd.hpp
@@ -62,6 +62,11 @@
   Nfd(const ConfigSection& config, ndn::KeyChain& keyChain);
 
   /**
+   * \brief Destructor
+   */
+  ~Nfd();
+
+  /**
    * \brief Perform initialization of NFD instance
    * After initialization, NFD instance can be started by invoking run on globalIoService
    */
@@ -85,13 +90,13 @@
   std::string m_configFile;
   ConfigSection m_configSection;
 
-  shared_ptr<Forwarder> m_forwarder;
+  unique_ptr<Forwarder> m_forwarder;
 
   shared_ptr<InternalFace>          m_internalFace;
-  shared_ptr<FibManager>            m_fibManager;
-  shared_ptr<FaceManager>           m_faceManager;
-  shared_ptr<StrategyChoiceManager> m_strategyChoiceManager;
-  shared_ptr<StatusServer>          m_statusServer;
+  unique_ptr<FibManager>            m_fibManager;
+  unique_ptr<FaceManager>           m_faceManager;
+  unique_ptr<StrategyChoiceManager> m_strategyChoiceManager;
+  unique_ptr<StatusServer>          m_statusServer;
 
   ndn::KeyChain&                    m_keyChain;
 };