/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/**
 * Copyright (c) 2014,  Regents of the University of California,
 *                      Arizona Board of Regents,
 *                      Colorado State University,
 *                      University Pierre & Marie Curie, Sorbonne University,
 *                      Washington University in St. Louis,
 *                      Beijing Institute of Technology,
 *                      The University of Memphis
 *
 * This file is part of NFD (Named Data Networking Forwarding Daemon).
 * See AUTHORS.md for complete list of NFD authors and contributors.
 *
 * NFD is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
 * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
 * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * NFD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
 * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
 * NFD, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 * \author Ilya Moiseenko <http://ilyamoiseenko.com/>
 * \author Junxiao Shi <http://www.cs.arizona.edu/people/shijunxiao/>
 * \author Alexander Afanasyev <http://lasr.cs.ucla.edu/afanasyev/index.html>
 */

#ifndef NFD_DAEMON_TABLE_CS_HPP
#define NFD_DAEMON_TABLE_CS_HPP

#include "common.hpp"
#include "cs-skip-list-entry.hpp"

#include <boost/multi_index/member.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/ordered_index.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/sequenced_index.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/identity.hpp>

#include <queue>

namespace nfd {

typedef std::list<cs::skip_list::Entry*> SkipListLayer;
typedef std::list<SkipListLayer*> SkipList;

class StalenessComparator
{
public:
  bool
  operator()(const cs::skip_list::Entry* entry1, const cs::skip_list::Entry* entry2) const
  {
    return entry1->getStaleTime() < entry2->getStaleTime();
  }
};

class UnsolicitedComparator
{
public:
  bool
  operator()(const cs::skip_list::Entry* entry1, const cs::skip_list::Entry* entry2) const
  {
    return entry1->isUnsolicited();
  }

  bool
  operator()(bool isUnsolicited, const cs::skip_list::Entry* entry) const
  {
    if (isUnsolicited)
      return true;
    else
      return !entry->isUnsolicited();
  }
};

// tags
class unsolicited;
class byStaleness;
class byArrival;

typedef boost::multi_index_container<
  cs::skip_list::Entry*,
  boost::multi_index::indexed_by<

    // by arrival (FIFO)
    boost::multi_index::sequenced<
      boost::multi_index::tag<byArrival>
    >,

    // index by staleness time
    boost::multi_index::ordered_non_unique<
      boost::multi_index::tag<byStaleness>,
      boost::multi_index::identity<cs::skip_list::Entry*>,
      StalenessComparator
    >,

    // unsolicited Data is in the front
    boost::multi_index::ordered_non_unique<
      boost::multi_index::tag<unsolicited>,
      boost::multi_index::identity<cs::skip_list::Entry*>,
      UnsolicitedComparator
    >

  >
> CleanupIndex;

/** \brief represents Content Store
 */
class Cs : noncopyable
{
public:
  explicit
  Cs(size_t nMaxPackets = 10);

  ~Cs();

  /** \brief inserts a Data packet
   *  This method does not consider the payload of the Data packet.
   *
   *  Packets are considered duplicate if the name matches.
   *  The new Data packet with the identical name, but a different payload
   *  is not placed in the Content Store
   *  \return{ whether the Data is added }
   */
  bool
  insert(const Data& data, bool isUnsolicited = false);

  /** \brief finds the best match Data for an Interest
   *  \return{ the best match, if any; otherwise 0 }
   */
  const Data*
  find(const Interest& interest) const;

  /** \brief deletes CS entry by the exact name
   */
  void
  erase(const Name& exactName);

  /** \brief sets maximum allowed size of Content Store (in packets)
   */
  void
  setLimit(size_t nMaxPackets);

  /** \brief returns maximum allowed size of Content Store (in packets)
   *  \return{ number of packets that can be stored in Content Store }
   */
  size_t
  getLimit() const;

  /** \brief returns current size of Content Store measured in packets
   *  \return{ number of packets located in Content Store }
   */
  size_t
  size() const;

public: // enumeration
  class const_iterator;

  /** \brief returns an iterator pointing to the first CS entry
   *  \note Iteration order is implementation-specific and is undefined
   *  \note The returned iterator may get invalidated if CS is modified
   */
  const_iterator
  begin() const;

  /** \brief returns an iterator referring to the past-the-end CS entry
   *  \note The returned iterator may get invalidated if CS is modified
   */
  const_iterator
  end() const;

  class const_iterator : public std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, const cs::Entry>
  {
  public:
    const_iterator() = default;

    const_iterator(SkipListLayer::const_iterator it);

    ~const_iterator();

    reference
    operator*() const;

    pointer
    operator->() const;

    const_iterator&
    operator++();

    const_iterator
    operator++(int);

    bool
    operator==(const const_iterator& other) const;

    bool
    operator!=(const const_iterator& other) const;

  private:
    SkipListLayer::const_iterator m_skipListIterator;
  };

protected:
  /** \brief removes one Data packet from Content Store based on replacement policy
   *  \return{ whether the Data was removed }
   */
  bool
  evictItem();

private:
  /** \brief returns True if the Content Store is at its maximum capacity
   *  \return{ True if Content Store is full; otherwise False}
   */
  bool
  isFull() const;

  /** \brief Computes the layer where new Content Store Entry is placed
   *
   *  Reference: "Skip Lists: A Probabilistic Alternative to Balanced Trees" by W.Pugh
   *  \return{ returns random layer (number) in a skip list}
   */
  size_t
  pickRandomLayer() const;

  /** \brief Inserts a new Content Store Entry in a skip list
   *  \return{ returns a pair containing a pointer to the CS Entry,
   *  and a flag indicating if the entry was newly created (True) or refreshed (False) }
   */
  std::pair<cs::skip_list::Entry*, bool>
  insertToSkipList(const Data& data, bool isUnsolicited = false);

  /** \brief Removes a specific CS Entry from all layers of a skip list
   *  \return{ returns True if CS Entry was succesfully removed and False if CS Entry was not found}
   */
  bool
  eraseFromSkipList(cs::skip_list::Entry* entry);

  /** \brief Prints contents of the skip list, starting from the top layer
   */
  void
  printSkipList() const;

  /** \brief Implements child selector (leftmost, rightmost, undeclared).
   *  Operates on the first layer of a skip list.
   *
   *  startingPoint must be less than Interest Name.
   *  startingPoint can be equal to Interest Name only when the item is in the begin() position.
   *
   *  Iterates toward greater Names, terminates when CS entry falls out of Interest prefix.
   *  When childSelector = leftmost, returns first CS entry that satisfies other selectors.
   *  When childSelector = rightmost, it goes till the end, and returns CS entry that satisfies
   *  other selectors. Returned CS entry is the leftmost child of the rightmost child.
   *  \return{ the best match, if any; otherwise 0 }
   */
  const Data*
  selectChild(const Interest& interest, SkipListLayer::iterator startingPoint) const;

  /** \brief checks if Content Store entry satisfies Interest selectors (MinSuffixComponents,
   *  MaxSuffixComponents, Implicit Digest, MustBeFresh)
   *  \return{ true if satisfies all selectors; false otherwise }
   */
  bool
  doesComplyWithSelectors(const Interest& interest,
                          cs::skip_list::Entry* entry,
                          bool doesInterestContainDigest) const;

  /** \brief interprets minSuffixComponent and name lengths to understand if Interest contains
   *  implicit digest of the data
   *  \return{ True if Interest name contains digest; False otherwise }
   */
  bool
  recognizeInterestWithDigest(const Interest& interest, cs::skip_list::Entry* entry) const;

private:
  SkipList m_skipList;
  CleanupIndex m_cleanupIndex;
  size_t m_nMaxPackets; // user defined maximum size of the Content Store in packets
  size_t m_nPackets;    // current number of packets in Content Store
  std::queue<cs::skip_list::Entry*> m_freeCsEntries; // memory pool
};

inline Cs::const_iterator
Cs::begin() const
{
  return const_iterator(m_skipList.front()->begin());
}

inline Cs::const_iterator
Cs::end() const
{
  return const_iterator(m_skipList.front()->end());
}

inline
Cs::const_iterator::const_iterator(SkipListLayer::const_iterator it)
  : m_skipListIterator(it)
{
}

inline
Cs::const_iterator::~const_iterator()
{
}

inline Cs::const_iterator&
Cs::const_iterator::operator++()
{
  ++m_skipListIterator;
  return *this;
}

inline Cs::const_iterator
Cs::const_iterator::operator++(int)
{
  Cs::const_iterator temp(*this);
  ++(*this);
  return temp;
}

inline Cs::const_iterator::reference
Cs::const_iterator::operator*() const
{
  return *(this->operator->());
}

inline Cs::const_iterator::pointer
Cs::const_iterator::operator->() const
{
  return *m_skipListIterator;
}

inline bool
Cs::const_iterator::operator==(const Cs::const_iterator& other) const
{
  return m_skipListIterator == other.m_skipListIterator;
}

inline bool
Cs::const_iterator::operator!=(const Cs::const_iterator& other) const
{
  return !(*this == other);
}

} // namespace nfd

#endif // NFD_DAEMON_TABLE_CS_HPP