diff --git a/model/ndn-app-link-service.cpp b/model/ndn-app-link-service.cpp
index 6b89b42..2dbce52 100644
--- a/model/ndn-app-link-service.cpp
+++ b/model/ndn-app-link-service.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
   NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << &nack);
 
   // to decouple callbacks
-  // Simulator::ScheduleNow(&App::OnNack, m_app, nack.shared_from_this());
+  Simulator::ScheduleNow(&App::OnNack, m_app, make_shared<lp::Nack>(nack));
 }
 
 //
diff --git a/model/ndn-block-header.cpp b/model/ndn-block-header.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78d4f5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/model/ndn-block-header.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2015  Regents of the University of California.
+ *
+ * This file is part of ndnSIM. See AUTHORS for complete list of ndnSIM authors and
+ * contributors.
+ *
+ * ndnSIM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+ * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
+ * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * ndnSIM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
+ * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+ * ndnSIM, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+#include "ndn-block-header.hpp"
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <boost/iostreams/concepts.hpp>
+#include <boost/iostreams/stream.hpp>
+
+#include <ndn-cxx/encoding/tlv.hpp>
+#include <ndn-cxx/interest.hpp>
+#include <ndn-cxx/data.hpp>
+#include <ndn-cxx/lp/packet.hpp>
+
+namespace io = boost::iostreams;
+namespace nfdFace = nfd::face;
+
+namespace ns3 {
+namespace ndn {
+
+ns3::TypeId
+BlockHeader::GetTypeId()
+{
+  static ns3::TypeId tid =
+    ns3::TypeId("ns3::ndn::Packet")
+    .SetGroupName("Ndn")
+    .SetParent<Header>()
+    .AddConstructor<BlockHeader>()
+    ;
+  return tid;
+}
+
+TypeId
+BlockHeader::GetInstanceTypeId(void) const
+{
+  return GetTypeId();
+}
+
+BlockHeader::BlockHeader()
+{
+}
+
+BlockHeader::BlockHeader(const nfdFace::Transport::Packet& packet)
+  : m_block(packet.packet)
+{
+}
+
+uint32_t
+BlockHeader::GetSerializedSize(void) const
+{
+  return m_block.size();
+}
+
+void
+BlockHeader::Serialize(ns3::Buffer::Iterator start) const
+{
+  start.Write(m_block.wire(), m_block.size());
+}
+
+class Ns3BufferIteratorSource : public io::source {
+public:
+  Ns3BufferIteratorSource(ns3::Buffer::Iterator& is)
+    : m_is(is)
+  {
+  }
+
+  std::streamsize
+  read(char* buf, std::streamsize nMaxRead)
+  {
+    std::streamsize i = 0;
+    for (; i < nMaxRead && !m_is.IsEnd(); ++i) {
+      buf[i] = m_is.ReadU8();
+    }
+    if (i == 0) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    else {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+
+private:
+  ns3::Buffer::Iterator& m_is;
+};
+
+uint32_t
+BlockHeader::Deserialize(ns3::Buffer::Iterator start)
+{
+  io::stream<Ns3BufferIteratorSource> is(start);
+  m_block = ::ndn::Block::fromStream(is);
+  return m_block.size();
+}
+
+void
+BlockHeader::Print(std::ostream& os) const
+{
+  namespace tlv = ::ndn::tlv;
+  namespace lp = ::ndn::lp;
+
+  std::function<void(const Block& block)> decodeAndPrint = [&os, &decodeAndPrint] (const Block& block) {
+    switch (block.type()) {
+      case tlv::Interest: {
+        Interest i(block);
+        os << "Interest: " << i;
+        break;
+      }
+      case tlv::Data: {
+        Data d(block);
+        os << "Data: " << d.getName();
+        break;
+      }
+      case lp::tlv::LpPacket: {
+        os << "NDNLP(";
+        lp::Packet p(block);
+        if (p.has<lp::FragCountField>() && p.get<lp::FragCountField>() != 1) {
+          os << "fragment " << (p.get<lp::FragIndexField>() + 1) << " out of " << p.get<lp::FragCountField>();
+        }
+        else {
+          if (p.has<lp::NackField>()) {
+            lp::NackHeader nack = p.get<lp::NackField>();
+            os << "NACK(" << nack.getReason() << ") for ";
+          }
+
+          ::ndn::Buffer::const_iterator first, last;
+          std::tie(first, last) = p.get<lp::FragmentField>(0);
+          Block fragmentBlock(&*first, std::distance(first, last));
+          decodeAndPrint(fragmentBlock);
+        }
+        os << ")";
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        os << "Unrecognized";
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  decodeAndPrint(m_block);
+}
+
+Block&
+BlockHeader::getBlock()
+{
+  return m_block;
+}
+
+const Block&
+BlockHeader::getBlock() const
+{
+  return m_block;
+}
+
+} // namespace ndn
+} // namespace ns3
diff --git a/model/ndn-header.hpp b/model/ndn-block-header.hpp
similarity index 80%
rename from model/ndn-header.hpp
rename to model/ndn-block-header.hpp
index ea1f301..f2c73ab 100644
--- a/model/ndn-header.hpp
+++ b/model/ndn-block-header.hpp
@@ -17,18 +17,19 @@
  * ndnSIM, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  **/
 
-#ifndef NDNSIM_NDN_HEADER_HPP
-#define NDNSIM_NDN_HEADER_HPP
+#ifndef NDNSIM_NDN_BLOCK_HEADER_HPP
+#define NDNSIM_NDN_BLOCK_HEADER_HPP
 
 #include "ns3/header.h"
 
 #include "ndn-common.hpp"
 
+namespace nfdFace = nfd::face;
+
 namespace ns3 {
 namespace ndn {
 
-template<class Pkt>
-class PacketHeader : public Header {
+class BlockHeader : public Header {
 public:
   static ns3::TypeId
   GetTypeId();
@@ -36,9 +37,9 @@
   virtual TypeId
   GetInstanceTypeId(void) const;
 
-  PacketHeader();
+  BlockHeader();
 
-  PacketHeader(const Pkt& packet);
+  BlockHeader(const nfdFace::Transport::Packet& packet);
 
   virtual uint32_t
   GetSerializedSize(void) const;
@@ -52,14 +53,17 @@
   virtual void
   Print(std::ostream& os) const;
 
-  shared_ptr<const Pkt>
-  getPacket();
+  Block&
+  getBlock();
+
+  const Block&
+  getBlock() const;
 
 private:
-  shared_ptr<const Pkt> m_packet;
+  Block m_block;
 };
 
 } // namespace ndn
 } // namespace ns3
 
-#endif // NDNSIM_NDN_HEADER_HPP
+#endif // NDNSIM_NDN_BLOCK_HEADER_HPP
diff --git a/model/ndn-header.cpp b/model/ndn-header.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 929b001..0000000
--- a/model/ndn-header.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2011-2015  Regents of the University of California.
- *
- * This file is part of ndnSIM. See AUTHORS for complete list of ndnSIM authors and
- * contributors.
- *
- * ndnSIM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
- * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
- * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * ndnSIM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
- * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * ndnSIM, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- **/
-
-#include "ndn-header.hpp"
-
-#include <iosfwd>
-#include <boost/iostreams/concepts.hpp>
-#include <boost/iostreams/stream.hpp>
-
-namespace io = boost::iostreams;
-
-namespace ns3 {
-namespace ndn {
-
-template<>
-ns3::TypeId
-PacketHeader<Interest>::GetTypeId()
-{
-  static ns3::TypeId tid =
-    ns3::TypeId("ns3::ndn::Interest")
-    .SetGroupName("Ndn")
-    .SetParent<Header>()
-    .AddConstructor<PacketHeader<Interest>>()
-    ;
-
-  return tid;
-}
-
-template<>
-ns3::TypeId
-PacketHeader<Data>::GetTypeId()
-{
-  static ns3::TypeId tid =
-    ns3::TypeId("ns3::ndn::Data")
-    .SetGroupName("Ndn")
-    .SetParent<Header>()
-    .AddConstructor<PacketHeader<Data>>()
-    ;
-  return tid;
-}
-
-template<class Pkt>
-TypeId
-PacketHeader<Pkt>::GetInstanceTypeId(void) const
-{
-  return GetTypeId();
-}
-
-template<class Pkt>
-PacketHeader<Pkt>::PacketHeader()
-{
-}
-
-template<class Pkt>
-PacketHeader<Pkt>::PacketHeader(const Pkt& packet)
-  : m_packet(packet.shared_from_this())
-{
-}
-
-template<class Pkt>
-uint32_t
-PacketHeader<Pkt>::GetSerializedSize(void) const
-{
-  return m_packet->wireEncode().size();
-}
-
-template<class Pkt>
-void
-PacketHeader<Pkt>::Serialize(ns3::Buffer::Iterator start) const
-{
-  start.Write(m_packet->wireEncode().wire(), m_packet->wireEncode().size());
-}
-
-class Ns3BufferIteratorSource : public io::source {
-public:
-  Ns3BufferIteratorSource(ns3::Buffer::Iterator& is)
-    : m_is(is)
-  {
-  }
-
-  std::streamsize
-  read(char* buf, std::streamsize nMaxRead)
-  {
-    std::streamsize i = 0;
-    for (; i < nMaxRead && !m_is.IsEnd(); ++i) {
-      buf[i] = m_is.ReadU8();
-    }
-    if (i == 0) {
-      return -1;
-    }
-    else {
-      return i;
-    }
-  }
-
-private:
-  ns3::Buffer::Iterator& m_is;
-};
-
-template<class Pkt>
-uint32_t
-PacketHeader<Pkt>::Deserialize(ns3::Buffer::Iterator start)
-{
-  auto packet = make_shared<Pkt>();
-  io::stream<Ns3BufferIteratorSource> is(start);
-  packet->wireDecode(::ndn::Block::fromStream(is));
-  m_packet = packet;
-  return packet->wireEncode().size();
-}
-
-template<>
-void
-PacketHeader<Interest>::Print(std::ostream& os) const
-{
-  os << "I: " << *m_packet;
-}
-
-template<>
-void
-PacketHeader<Data>::Print(std::ostream& os) const
-{
-  os << "D: " << *m_packet;
-}
-
-template<class Pkt>
-shared_ptr<const Pkt>
-PacketHeader<Pkt>::getPacket()
-{
-  return m_packet;
-}
-
-typedef PacketHeader<Interest> InterestHeader;
-typedef PacketHeader<Data> DataHeader;
-
-NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(InterestHeader);
-NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(DataHeader);
-
-template class PacketHeader<Interest>;
-template class PacketHeader<Data>;
-
-} // namespace ndn
-} // namespace ns3
diff --git a/model/ndn-l3-protocol.cpp b/model/ndn-l3-protocol.cpp
index b6fa69c..74f18ca 100644
--- a/model/ndn-l3-protocol.cpp
+++ b/model/ndn-l3-protocol.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #include "ns3/pointer.h"
 #include "ns3/simulator.h"
 
-#include "ndn-net-device-link-service.hpp"
+#include "ndn-net-device-transport.hpp"
 
 #include "../helper/ndn-stack-helper.hpp"
 #include "cs/ndn-content-store.hpp"
@@ -91,6 +91,13 @@
 
       ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
+      .AddTraceSource("OutNack", "OutNack", MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&L3Protocol::m_outNack),
+                      "ns3::ndn::L3Protocol::NackTraceCallback")
+      .AddTraceSource("InNack", "InNack", MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&L3Protocol::m_inNack),
+                      "ns3::ndn::L3Protocol::NackTraceCallback")
+
+      ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
       .AddTraceSource("SatisfiedInterests", "SatisfiedInterests",
                       MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&L3Protocol::m_satisfiedInterests),
                       "ns3::ndn::L3Protocol::SatisfiedInterestsCallback")
@@ -434,7 +441,13 @@
         this->m_inData(data, *face);
       }
     });
-  // TODO Add nack signals
+
+  face->afterReceiveNack.connect([this, weakFace](const lp::Nack& nack) {
+      shared_ptr<Face> face = weakFace.lock();
+      if (face != nullptr) {
+        this->m_inNack(nack, *face);
+      }
+    });
 
   auto tracingLink = face->getLinkService();
   NS_LOG_LOGIC("Adding trace sources for afterSendInterest and afterSendData");
@@ -452,7 +465,12 @@
       }
     });
 
-  // TODO Add nack signals
+  tracingLink->afterSendNack.connect([this, weakFace](const lp::Nack& nack) {
+      shared_ptr<Face> face = weakFace.lock();
+      if (face != nullptr) {
+        this->m_outNack(nack, *face);
+      }
+    });
 
   return face->getId();
 }
@@ -467,11 +485,11 @@
 L3Protocol::getFaceByNetDevice(Ptr<NetDevice> netDevice) const
 {
   for (auto& i : m_impl->m_forwarder->getFaceTable()) {
-    auto linkService = dynamic_cast<NetDeviceLinkService*>(i.getLinkService());
-    if (linkService == nullptr)
+    auto transport = dynamic_cast<NetDeviceTransport*>(i.getTransport());
+    if (transport == nullptr)
       continue;
 
-    if (linkService->GetNetDevice() == netDevice)
+    if (transport->GetNetDevice() == netDevice)
       return i.shared_from_this();
   }
   return nullptr;
diff --git a/model/ndn-l3-protocol.hpp b/model/ndn-l3-protocol.hpp
index cca0277..c3619aa 100644
--- a/model/ndn-l3-protocol.hpp
+++ b/model/ndn-l3-protocol.hpp
@@ -213,6 +213,9 @@
   TracedCallback<const Data&, const Face&> m_outData; ///< @brief trace of outgoing Data
   TracedCallback<const Data&, const Face&> m_inData;  ///< @brief trace of incoming Data
 
+  TracedCallback<const lp::Nack&, const Face&> m_outNack; ///< @brief trace of outgoing Nack
+  TracedCallback<const lp::Nack&, const Face&> m_inNack;  ///< @brief trace of incoming Nack
+
   TracedCallback<const nfd::pit::Entry&, const Face&/*in face*/, const Data&> m_satisfiedInterests;
   TracedCallback<const nfd::pit::Entry&> m_timedOutInterests;
 };
diff --git a/model/ndn-net-device-link-service.cpp b/model/ndn-net-device-link-service.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 09a03a0..0000000
--- a/model/ndn-net-device-link-service.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2011-2015  Regents of the University of California.
- *
- * This file is part of ndnSIM. See AUTHORS for complete list of ndnSIM authors and
- * contributors.
- *
- * ndnSIM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
- * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
- * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * ndnSIM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
- * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * ndnSIM, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- **/
-
-#include "ndn-net-device-link-service.hpp"
-#include "ndn-l3-protocol.hpp"
-
-#include "ndn-ns3.hpp"
-
-#include "ns3/net-device.h"
-#include "ns3/log.h"
-#include "ns3/packet.h"
-#include "ns3/node.h"
-#include "ns3/pointer.h"
-
-// #include "ns3/address.h"
-#include "ns3/point-to-point-net-device.h"
-#include "ns3/channel.h"
-
-#include "../utils/ndn-fw-hop-count-tag.hpp"
-
-NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("ndn.NetDeviceLinkService");
-
-namespace ns3 {
-namespace ndn {
-
-NetDeviceLinkService::NetDeviceLinkService(Ptr<Node> node, const Ptr<NetDevice>& netDevice)
-  : m_node(node)
-  , m_netDevice(netDevice)
-{
-  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << netDevice);
-
-  NS_ASSERT_MSG(m_netDevice != 0, "NetDeviceFace needs to be assigned a valid NetDevice");
-
-  m_node->RegisterProtocolHandler(MakeCallback(&NetDeviceLinkService::receiveFromNetDevice, this),
-                                  L3Protocol::ETHERNET_FRAME_TYPE, m_netDevice,
-                                  true /*promiscuous mode*/);
-}
-
-NetDeviceLinkService::~NetDeviceLinkService()
-{
-  NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS();
-}
-
-Ptr<Node>
-NetDeviceLinkService::GetNode() const
-{
-  return m_node;
-}
-
-Ptr<NetDevice>
-NetDeviceLinkService::GetNetDevice() const
-{
-  return m_netDevice;
-}
-
-void
-NetDeviceLinkService::doSendInterest(const Interest& interest)
-{
-  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << &interest);
-
-  Ptr<Packet> packet = Convert::ToPacket(interest);
-  send(packet);
-}
-
-void
-NetDeviceLinkService::doSendData(const Data& data)
-{
-  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << &data);
-
-  Ptr<Packet> packet = Convert::ToPacket(data);
-  send(packet);
-}
-
-void
-NetDeviceLinkService::doSendNack(const lp::Nack& nack)
-{
-  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << &nack);
-
-  // TODO
-  // Ptr<Packet> packet = Convert::ToPacket(nack);
-  // send(packet);
-}
-
-// callback
-void
-NetDeviceLinkService::receiveFromNetDevice(Ptr<NetDevice> device, Ptr<const Packet> p, uint16_t protocol,
-                                           const Address& from, const Address& to,
-                                           NetDevice::PacketType packetType)
-{
-  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(device << p << protocol << from << to << packetType);
-
-  Ptr<Packet> packet = p->Copy();
-  try {
-    switch (Convert::getPacketType(p)) {
-      case ::ndn::tlv::Interest: {
-        shared_ptr<const Interest> i = Convert::FromPacket<Interest>(packet);
-        this->receiveInterest(*i);
-        break;
-      }
-      case ::ndn::tlv::Data: {
-        shared_ptr<const Data> d = Convert::FromPacket<Data>(packet);
-        this->receiveData(*d);
-        break;
-      }
-      // case ::ndn::tlv::Nack: {
-      //   shared_ptr<const Nack> n = Convert::FromPacket<Nack>(packet);
-      //   this->onReceiveNack(*n);
-      // }
-      default:
-        NS_LOG_ERROR("Unsupported TLV packet");
-    }
-  }
-  catch (const ::ndn::tlv::Error& e) {
-    NS_LOG_ERROR("Unrecognized TLV packet " << e.what());
-  }
-}
-
-void
-NetDeviceLinkService::send(Ptr<Packet> packet)
-{
-  NS_ASSERT_MSG(packet->GetSize() <= m_netDevice->GetMtu(),
-                "Packet size " << packet->GetSize() << " exceeds device MTU "
-                               << m_netDevice->GetMtu());
-
-  FwHopCountTag tag;
-  packet->RemovePacketTag(tag);
-  tag.Increment();
-  packet->AddPacketTag(tag);
-
-  m_netDevice->Send(packet, m_netDevice->GetBroadcast(), L3Protocol::ETHERNET_FRAME_TYPE);
-}
-
-} // namespace face
-} // namespace nfd
diff --git a/model/ndn-net-device-link-service.hpp b/model/ndn-net-device-link-service.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 27e02d6..0000000
--- a/model/ndn-net-device-link-service.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2011-2015  Regents of the University of California.
- *
- * This file is part of ndnSIM. See AUTHORS for complete list of ndnSIM authors and
- * contributors.
- *
- * ndnSIM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
- * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
- * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * ndnSIM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
- * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * ndnSIM, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- **/
-
-#ifndef NDN_NET_DEVICE_LINK_SERVICE_HPP
-#define NDN_NET_DEVICE_LINK_SERVICE_HPP
-
-#include "ns3/ndnSIM/model/ndn-common.hpp"
-#include "ns3/ndnSIM/NFD/daemon/face/link-service.hpp"
-
-#include "ns3/net-device.h"
-
-namespace ns3 {
-namespace ndn {
-
-/**
- * \ingroup ndn-face
- * \brief Implementation of layer-2 (Ethernet) LinkService (current hack, to be changed eventually)
- *
- * NetDeviceLinkService is permanently associated with one NetDevice
- * object and this object cannot be changed for the lifetime of the
- * face
- *
- * \see AppLinkService
- */
-class NetDeviceLinkService : public nfd::face::LinkService
-{
-
-public:
-  /**
-   * \brief Constructor
-   *
-   * @param node Node associated with the face
-   * @param netDevice a smart pointer to NetDevice object to which this NetDeviceLinkService will be associate
-   */
-  NetDeviceLinkService(Ptr<Node> node, const Ptr<NetDevice>& netDevice);
-
-  virtual
-  ~NetDeviceLinkService();
-
-public:
-  /**
-   * \brief Get Node associated with the LinkService
-   */
-  Ptr<Node>
-  GetNode() const;
-
-  /**
-   * \brief Get NetDevice associated with the LinkService
-   */
-  Ptr<NetDevice>
-  GetNetDevice() const;
-
-private:
-  virtual void
-  doSendInterest(const ::ndn::Interest& interest) override;
-
-  virtual void
-  doSendData(const ::ndn::Data& data) override;
-
-  virtual void
-  doSendNack(const ::ndn::lp::Nack& nack) override;
-
-  virtual void
-  doReceivePacket(nfd::face::Transport::Packet&& packet) override
-  {
-    // not used now
-    BOOST_ASSERT(false);
-  }
-
-private:
-  void
-  send(Ptr<Packet> packet);
-
-  /// \brief callback from lower layers
-  void
-  receiveFromNetDevice(Ptr<NetDevice> device, Ptr<const Packet> p, uint16_t protocol,
-                       const Address& from, const Address& to, NetDevice::PacketType packetType);
-
-private:
-  Ptr<Node> m_node;
-  Ptr<NetDevice> m_netDevice; ///< \brief Smart pointer to NetDevice
-};
-
-} // namespace ndn
-} // namespace ns3
-
-#endif // NDN_NET_DEVICE_LINK_SERVICE_HPP
diff --git a/model/ndn-net-device-transport.cpp b/model/ndn-net-device-transport.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85684af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/model/ndn-net-device-transport.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2016  Regents of the University of California.
+ *
+ * This file is part of ndnSIM. See AUTHORS for complete list of ndnSIM authors and
+ * contributors.
+ *
+ * ndnSIM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+ * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
+ * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * ndnSIM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
+ * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+ * ndnSIM, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+#include "ndn-net-device-transport.hpp"
+
+#include "../helper/ndn-stack-helper.hpp"
+#include "ndn-block-header.hpp"
+#include "../utils/ndn-ns3-packet-tag.hpp"
+
+#include <ndn-cxx/encoding/block.hpp>
+#include <ndn-cxx/interest.hpp>
+#include <ndn-cxx/data.hpp>
+
+NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("ndn.NetDeviceTransport");
+
+namespace ns3 {
+namespace ndn {
+
+NetDeviceTransport::NetDeviceTransport(Ptr<Node> node,
+                                       const Ptr<NetDevice>& netDevice,
+                                       const std::string& localUri,
+                                       const std::string& remoteUri,
+                                       ::ndn::nfd::FaceScope scope,
+                                       ::ndn::nfd::FacePersistency persistency,
+                                       ::ndn::nfd::LinkType linkType)
+  : m_netDevice(netDevice)
+  , m_node(node)
+{
+  this->setLocalUri(FaceUri(localUri));
+  this->setRemoteUri(FaceUri(remoteUri));
+  this->setScope(scope);
+  this->setPersistency(persistency);
+  this->setLinkType(linkType);
+  // this->setMtu(udp::computeMtu(m_socket.local_endpoint())); // not sure what should be here
+
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << "Creating an ndnSIM transport instance for netDevice with URI"
+                  << this->getLocalUri());
+
+  NS_ASSERT_MSG(m_netDevice != 0, "NetDeviceFace needs to be assigned a valid NetDevice");
+
+  m_node->RegisterProtocolHandler(MakeCallback(&NetDeviceTransport::receiveFromNetDevice, this),
+                                  L3Protocol::ETHERNET_FRAME_TYPE, m_netDevice,
+                                  true /*promiscuous mode*/);
+}
+
+NetDeviceTransport::~NetDeviceTransport()
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION_NOARGS();
+}
+
+void
+NetDeviceTransport::beforeChangePersistency(::ndn::nfd::FacePersistency newPersistency)
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << "Changing persistency for netDevice with URI"
+                  << this->getLocalUri() << "currently does nothing");
+  // do nothing for now
+}
+
+void
+NetDeviceTransport::doClose()
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << "Closing transport for netDevice with URI"
+                  << this->getLocalUri());
+
+  // set the state of the transport to "CLOSED"
+  this->setState(nfd::face::TransportState::CLOSED);
+}
+
+void
+NetDeviceTransport::doSend(Packet&& packet)
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << "Sending packet from netDevice with URI"
+                  << this->getLocalUri());
+
+  // convert NFD packet to NS3 packet
+  BlockHeader header(packet);
+
+  Ptr<ns3::Packet> ns3Packet = Create<ns3::Packet>();
+  ns3Packet->AddHeader(header);
+
+  // send the NS3 packet
+  m_netDevice->Send(ns3Packet, m_netDevice->GetBroadcast(),
+                    L3Protocol::ETHERNET_FRAME_TYPE);
+}
+
+// callback
+void
+NetDeviceTransport::receiveFromNetDevice(Ptr<NetDevice> device,
+                                      Ptr<const ns3::Packet> p,
+                                      uint16_t protocol,
+                                      const Address& from, const Address& to,
+                                      NetDevice::PacketType packetType)
+{
+  NS_LOG_FUNCTION(device << p << protocol << from << to << packetType);
+
+  // Convert NS3 packet to NFD packet
+  Ptr<ns3::Packet> packet = p->Copy();
+
+  BlockHeader header;
+  packet->RemoveHeader(header);
+
+  auto nfdPacket = Packet(std::move(header.getBlock()));
+
+  this->receive(std::move(nfdPacket));
+}
+
+Ptr<NetDevice>
+NetDeviceTransport::GetNetDevice() const
+{
+  return m_netDevice;
+}
+
+} // namespace ndn
+} // namespace ns3
diff --git a/model/ndn-net-device-transport.hpp b/model/ndn-net-device-transport.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b502d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/model/ndn-net-device-transport.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2016  Regents of the University of California.
+ *
+ * This file is part of ndnSIM. See AUTHORS for complete list of ndnSIM authors and
+ * contributors.
+ *
+ * ndnSIM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+ * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
+ * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * ndnSIM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
+ * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+ * ndnSIM, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+#ifndef NDN_NET_DEVICE_TRANSPORT_HPP
+#define NDN_NET_DEVICE_TRANSPORT_HPP
+
+#include "ns3/ndnSIM/model/ndn-common.hpp"
+#include "ns3/ndnSIM/NFD/daemon/face/transport.hpp"
+
+#include "ns3/net-device.h"
+#include "ns3/log.h"
+#include "ns3/packet.h"
+#include "ns3/node.h"
+#include "ns3/pointer.h"
+
+#include "ns3/point-to-point-net-device.h"
+#include "ns3/channel.h"
+
+namespace ns3 {
+namespace ndn {
+
+/**
+ * \ingroup ndn-face
+ * \brief ndnSIM-specific transport
+ */
+class NetDeviceTransport : public nfd::face::Transport
+{
+public:
+  NetDeviceTransport(Ptr<Node> node, const Ptr<NetDevice>& netDevice,
+                     const std::string& localUri,
+                     const std::string& remoteUri,
+                     ::ndn::nfd::FaceScope scope = ::ndn::nfd::FACE_SCOPE_NON_LOCAL,
+                     ::ndn::nfd::FacePersistency persistency = ::ndn::nfd::FACE_PERSISTENCY_PERSISTENT,
+                     ::ndn::nfd::LinkType linkType = ::ndn::nfd::LINK_TYPE_POINT_TO_POINT);
+
+  ~NetDeviceTransport();
+
+  Ptr<NetDevice>
+  GetNetDevice() const;
+
+private:
+  virtual void
+  beforeChangePersistency(::ndn::nfd::FacePersistency newPersistency) override;
+
+  virtual void
+  doClose() override;
+
+  virtual void
+  doSend(Packet&& packet) override;
+
+  void
+  receiveFromNetDevice(Ptr<NetDevice> device,
+                       Ptr<const ns3::Packet> p,
+                       uint16_t protocol,
+                       const Address& from, const Address& to,
+                       NetDevice::PacketType packetType);
+
+  Ptr<NetDevice> m_netDevice; ///< \brief Smart pointer to NetDevice
+  Ptr<Node> m_node;
+};
+
+} // namespace ndn
+} // namespace ns3
+
+#endif // NDN_NULL_TRANSPORT_HPP
diff --git a/model/ndn-ns3.cpp b/model/ndn-ns3.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e0996a..0000000
--- a/model/ndn-ns3.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2011-2015  Regents of the University of California.
- *
- * This file is part of ndnSIM. See AUTHORS for complete list of ndnSIM authors and
- * contributors.
- *
- * ndnSIM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
- * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
- * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * ndnSIM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
- * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * ndnSIM, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- **/
-
-#include "ndn-ns3.hpp"
-
-#include <ndn-cxx/encoding/block.hpp>
-#include <ndn-cxx/interest.hpp>
-#include <ndn-cxx/data.hpp>
-
-#include "ndn-header.hpp"
-#include "../utils/ndn-ns3-packet-tag.hpp"
-
-namespace ns3 {
-namespace ndn {
-
-template<class T>
-std::shared_ptr<const T>
-Convert::FromPacket(Ptr<Packet> packet)
-{
-  PacketHeader<T> header;
-  packet->RemoveHeader(header);
-
-  auto pkt = header.getPacket();
-  pkt->setTag(make_shared<Ns3PacketTag>(packet));
-
-  return pkt;
-}
-
-template std::shared_ptr<const Interest>
-Convert::FromPacket<Interest>(Ptr<Packet> packet);
-
-template std::shared_ptr<const Data>
-Convert::FromPacket<Data>(Ptr<Packet> packet);
-
-template<class T>
-Ptr<Packet>
-Convert::ToPacket(const T& pkt)
-{
-  PacketHeader<T> header(pkt);
-
-  Ptr<Packet> packet;
-
-  auto tag = pkt.template getTag<Ns3PacketTag>();
-  if (tag != nullptr) {
-    packet = tag->getPacket()->Copy();
-  }
-  else {
-    packet = Create<Packet>();
-  }
-
-  packet->AddHeader(header);
-  return packet;
-}
-
-template Ptr<Packet>
-Convert::ToPacket<Interest>(const Interest& packet);
-
-template Ptr<Packet>
-Convert::ToPacket<Data>(const Data& packet);
-
-uint32_t
-Convert::getPacketType(Ptr<const Packet> packet)
-{
-  uint8_t type;
-  uint32_t nRead = packet->CopyData(&type, 1);
-  if (nRead != 1) {
-    throw ::ndn::tlv::Error("Unknown header");
-  }
-
-  if (type == ::ndn::tlv::Interest || type == ::ndn::tlv::Data) {
-    return type;
-  }
-  else {
-    throw ::ndn::tlv::Error("Unknown header");
-  }
-}
-
-} // namespace ndn
-} // namespace ns3
diff --git a/model/ndn-ns3.hpp b/model/ndn-ns3.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b292fca..0000000
--- a/model/ndn-ns3.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2011-2015  Regents of the University of California.
- *
- * This file is part of ndnSIM. See AUTHORS for complete list of ndnSIM authors and
- * contributors.
- *
- * ndnSIM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
- * of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
- * either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * ndnSIM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
- * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- * PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- * ndnSIM, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- **/
-
-#ifndef NDN_NS3_HPP
-#define NDN_NS3_HPP
-
-#include "ns3/packet.h"
-#include "ns3/ptr.h"
-#include <memory>
-
-namespace ns3 {
-namespace ndn {
-
-class Convert {
-public:
-  template<class T>
-  static std::shared_ptr<const T>
-  FromPacket(Ptr<Packet> packet);
-
-  template<class T>
-  static Ptr<Packet>
-  ToPacket(const T& pkt);
-
-  static uint32_t
-  getPacketType(Ptr<const Packet> packet);
-};
-
-} // namespace ndn
-} // namespace ns3
-
-#endif