diff --git a/js/tools/build/ndn-js-uncomp.js b/js/tools/build/ndn-js-uncomp.js
index 0c8db71..54a8fe5 100644
--- a/js/tools/build/ndn-js-uncomp.js
+++ b/js/tools/build/ndn-js-uncomp.js
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
 		interest.interestLifetime = template.interestLifetime;
     }
     else
-        interest.interestLifetime = 4.0;   // default interest timeout value in seconds.
+        interest.interestLifetime = 4000;   // default interest timeout value in milliseconds.
 
 	if (this.host == null || this.port == null) {
         if (this.getHostAndPort == null)
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@
     
     // Fetch the ccndId.
     var interest = new Interest(new Name(NDN.ccndIdFetcher));
-	interest.interestLifetime = 4.0; // seconds    
+	interest.interestLifetime = 4000; // milliseconds    
 
     var thisNDN = this;
 	var timerID = setTimeout(function() {
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@
 
 		// Fetch ccndid now
 		var interest = new Interest(new Name(NDN.ccndIdFetcher));
-		interest.interestLifetime = 4.0; // seconds
+		interest.interestLifetime = 4000; // milliseconds
 		var subarray = encodeToBinaryInterest(interest);
 		
 		var bytes = new Uint8Array(subarray.length);
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@
 			//console.log(NDN.PITTable);
 			// Raise closure callback
 			closure.upcall(Closure.UPCALL_INTEREST_TIMED_OUT, new UpcallInfo(ndn, interest, 0, null));
-		}, interest.interestLifetime * 1000);  // convert interestLifetime from seconds to ms.
+		}, interest.interestLifetime);  // convert interestLifetime is in milliseconds.
 		//console.log(closure.timerID);
 	}
 	else
@@ -1678,6 +1678,7 @@
  * This class represents Interest Objects
  */
 
+// _interestLifetime is in milliseconds.
 var Interest = function Interest(_name,_faceInstance,_minSuffixComponents,_maxSuffixComponents,_publisherPublicKeyDigest, _exclude, _childSelector,_answerOriginKind,_scope,_interestLifetime,_nonce){
 		
 	this.name = _name;
@@ -1690,7 +1691,7 @@
 	this.childSelector = _childSelector;
 	this.answerOriginKind = _answerOriginKind;
 	this.scope = _scope;
-	this.interestLifetime = _interestLifetime;  // number of seconds
+	this.interestLifetime = _interestLifetime;  // milli seconds
 	this.nonce = _nonce;	
 };
 
@@ -1739,7 +1740,7 @@
 			this.scope = decoder.readIntegerElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Scope);
 
 		if (decoder.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.InterestLifetime))
-			this.interestLifetime = DataUtils.bigEndianToUnsignedInt
+			this.interestLifetime = 1000.0 * DataUtils.bigEndianToUnsignedInt
                 (decoder.readBinaryElement(CCNProtocolDTags.InterestLifetime)) / 4096;
 		
 		if (decoder.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Nonce))
@@ -1778,7 +1779,7 @@
 		
 		if (null != this.interestLifetime) 
 			encoder.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.InterestLifetime, 
-                DataUtils.nonNegativeIntToBigEndian(this.interestLifetime * 4096));
+                DataUtils.nonNegativeIntToBigEndian((this.interestLifetime / 1000.0) * 4096));
 		
 		if (null != this.nonce)
 			encoder.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Nonce, this.nonce);
diff --git a/js/tools/build/ndn-js.js b/js/tools/build/ndn-js.js
index 8943618..9b4c9b3 100644
--- a/js/tools/build/ndn-js.js
+++ b/js/tools/build/ndn-js.js
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 var LOG=0,NDN=function NDN(b){b=b||{};this.transport=(b.getTransport||function(){return new WebSocketTransport})();this.getHostAndPort=b.getHostAndPort||this.transport.defaultGetHostAndPort;this.host=void 0!==b.host?b.host:"localhost";this.port=b.port||9696;this.readyStatus=NDN.UNOPEN;this.onopen=b.onopen||function(){3<LOG&&console.log("NDN connection established.")};this.onclose=b.onclose||function(){3<LOG&&console.log("NDN connection closed.")}};NDN.UNOPEN=0;NDN.OPENED=1;NDN.CLOSED=2;
 NDN.ccndIdFetcher="/%C1.M.S.localhost/%C1.M.SRV/ccnd/KEY";NDN.prototype.createRoute=function(a,b){this.host=a;this.port=b};NDN.PITTable=[];var PITEntry=function(a,b){this.interest=a;this.closure=b};NDN.getEntryForExpressedInterest=function(a){for(var b=null,c=0;c<NDN.PITTable.length;c++)if(NDN.PITTable[c].interest.matches_name(a)&&(null==b||NDN.PITTable[c].interest.name.components.length>b.interest.name.components.length))b=NDN.PITTable[c];return b};
 NDN.makeShuffledGetHostAndPort=function(a,b){a=a.slice(0,a.length);DataUtils.shuffle(a);return function(){return 0==a.length?null:{host:a.splice(0,1)[0],port:b}}};
-NDN.prototype.expressInterest=function(a,b,c){a=new Interest(a);null!=c?(a.minSuffixComponents=c.minSuffixComponents,a.maxSuffixComponents=c.maxSuffixComponents,a.publisherPublicKeyDigest=c.publisherPublicKeyDigest,a.exclude=c.exclude,a.childSelector=c.childSelector,a.answerOriginKind=c.answerOriginKind,a.scope=c.scope,a.interestLifetime=c.interestLifetime):a.interestLifetime=4;null==this.host||null==this.port?null==this.getHostAndPort?console.log("ERROR: host OR port NOT SET"):this.connectAndExpressInterest(a,
+NDN.prototype.expressInterest=function(a,b,c){a=new Interest(a);null!=c?(a.minSuffixComponents=c.minSuffixComponents,a.maxSuffixComponents=c.maxSuffixComponents,a.publisherPublicKeyDigest=c.publisherPublicKeyDigest,a.exclude=c.exclude,a.childSelector=c.childSelector,a.answerOriginKind=c.answerOriginKind,a.scope=c.scope,a.interestLifetime=c.interestLifetime):a.interestLifetime=4E3;null==this.host||null==this.port?null==this.getHostAndPort?console.log("ERROR: host OR port NOT SET"):this.connectAndExpressInterest(a,
 b):this.transport.expressInterest(this,a,b)};NDN.prototype.registerPrefix=function(a,b,c){return this.transport.registerPrefix(this,a,b,c)};
-NDN.prototype.connectAndExpressInterest=function(a,b){var c=this.getHostAndPort();if(null==c)console.log("ERROR: No more hosts from getHostAndPort"),this.host=null;else if(c.host==this.host&&c.port==this.port)console.log("ERROR: The host returned by getHostAndPort is not alive: "+this.host+":"+this.port);else{this.host=c.host;this.port=c.port;console.log("Trying host from getHostAndPort: "+this.host);c=new Interest(new Name(NDN.ccndIdFetcher));c.interestLifetime=4;var d=this,e=setTimeout(function(){console.log("Timeout waiting for host "+
+NDN.prototype.connectAndExpressInterest=function(a,b){var c=this.getHostAndPort();if(null==c)console.log("ERROR: No more hosts from getHostAndPort"),this.host=null;else if(c.host==this.host&&c.port==this.port)console.log("ERROR: The host returned by getHostAndPort is not alive: "+this.host+":"+this.port);else{this.host=c.host;this.port=c.port;console.log("Trying host from getHostAndPort: "+this.host);c=new Interest(new Name(NDN.ccndIdFetcher));c.interestLifetime=4E3;var d=this,e=setTimeout(function(){console.log("Timeout waiting for host "+
 d.host);d.connectAndExpressInterest(a,b)},3E3);this.transport.expressInterest(this,c,new NDN.ConnectClosure(this,a,b,e))}};NDN.ConnectClosure=function(a,b,c,d){Closure.call(this);this.ndn=a;this.callerInterest=b;this.callerClosure=c;this.timerID=d};
 NDN.ConnectClosure.prototype.upcall=function(a){if(!(a==Closure.UPCALL_CONTENT||a==Closure.UPCALL_CONTENT_UNVERIFIED||a==Closure.UPCALL_INTEREST))return Closure.RESULT_ERR;clearTimeout(this.timerID);console.log(this.ndn.host+": Host is alive. Fetching callerInterest.");this.ndn.transport.expressInterest(this.ndn,this.callerInterest,this.callerClosure);return Closure.RESULT_OK};
 var WebSocketTransport=function(){this.ccndid=this.ws=null;this.maxBufferSize=1E4;this.buffer=new Uint8Array(this.maxBufferSize);this.bufferOffset=0;this.structureDecoder=new BinaryXMLStructureDecoder;this.defaultGetHostAndPort=NDN.makeShuffledGetHostAndPort(["A.ws.ndn.ucla.edu","B.ws.ndn.ucla.edu","C.ws.ndn.ucla.edu","D.ws.ndn.ucla.edu","E.ws.ndn.ucla.edu"],9696)};
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 return}3<LOG&&console.log("Complete packet received. Length "+d.length+". Start decoding.")}catch(e){console.log("NDN.ws.onmessage exception: "+e);return}c=new BinaryXMLDecoder(b.buffer);if(c.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Interest)){3<LOG&&console.log("Interest packet received.");d=new Interest;d.from_ccnb(c);3<LOG&&console.log(d);var f=escape(d.name.getName());3<LOG&&console.log(f);f=getEntryForRegisteredPrefix(f);null!=f&&(d=new UpcallInfo(a,d,0,null),f.closure.upcall(Closure.UPCALL_INTEREST,
 d)==Closure.RESULT_INTEREST_CONSUMED&&null!=d.contentObject&&(f=encodeToBinaryContentObject(d.contentObject),d=new Uint8Array(f.length),d.set(f),b.ws.send(d.buffer)))}else if(c.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.ContentObject))if(3<LOG&&console.log("ContentObject packet received."),d=new ContentObject,d.from_ccnb(c),3<LOG&&console.log(d),f=d.name.getName(),3<LOG&&console.log(f),null==b.ccndid&&null!=f.match(NDN.ccndIdFetcher))!d.signedInfo||!d.signedInfo.publisher||!d.signedInfo.publisher.publisherPublicKeyDigest?
 (console.log("Cannot contact router, close NDN now."),a.readyStatus=NDN.CLOSED,a.onclose()):(b.ccndid=d.signedInfo.publisher.publisherPublicKeyDigest,3<LOG&&console.log(b.ccndid),a.readyStatus=NDN.OPENED,a.onopen());else{if(f=NDN.getEntryForExpressedInterest(d.name),null!=f){clearTimeout(f.closure.timerID);var g=NDN.PITTable.indexOf(f);0<=g&&NDN.PITTable.splice(g,1);f.closure.upcall(Closure.UPCALL_CONTENT,new UpcallInfo(a,null,0,d))}}else console.log("Incoming packet is not Interest or ContentObject. Discard now.");
-delete c;delete b.structureDecoder;delete b.buffer;b.structureDecoder=new BinaryXMLStructureDecoder;b.buffer=new Uint8Array(b.maxBufferSize);b.bufferOffset=0}};this.ws.onopen=function(a){3<LOG&&console.log(a);3<LOG&&console.log("ws.onopen: WebSocket connection opened.");3<LOG&&console.log("ws.onopen: ReadyState: "+this.readyState);a=new Interest(new Name(NDN.ccndIdFetcher));a.interestLifetime=4;var a=encodeToBinaryInterest(a),d=new Uint8Array(a.length);d.set(a);b.ws.send(d.buffer)};this.ws.onerror=
+delete c;delete b.structureDecoder;delete b.buffer;b.structureDecoder=new BinaryXMLStructureDecoder;b.buffer=new Uint8Array(b.maxBufferSize);b.bufferOffset=0}};this.ws.onopen=function(a){3<LOG&&console.log(a);3<LOG&&console.log("ws.onopen: WebSocket connection opened.");3<LOG&&console.log("ws.onopen: ReadyState: "+this.readyState);a=new Interest(new Name(NDN.ccndIdFetcher));a.interestLifetime=4E3;var a=encodeToBinaryInterest(a),d=new Uint8Array(a.length);d.set(a);b.ws.send(d.buffer)};this.ws.onerror=
 function(a){console.log("ws.onerror: ReadyState: "+this.readyState);console.log(a);console.log("ws.onerror: WebSocket error: "+a.data)};this.ws.onclose=function(){console.log("ws.onclose: WebSocket connection closed.");b.ws=null;a.readyStatus=NDN.CLOSED;a.onclose()}};
-WebSocketTransport.prototype.expressInterest=function(a,b,c){if(null!=this.ws){var d=encodeToBinaryInterest(b),e=new Uint8Array(d.length);e.set(d);var f=new PITEntry(b,c);NDN.PITTable.push(f);this.ws.send(e.buffer);3<LOG&&console.log("ws.send() returned.");c.timerID=setTimeout(function(){3<LOG&&console.log("Interest time out.");var d=NDN.PITTable.indexOf(f);0<=d&&NDN.PITTable.splice(d,1);c.upcall(Closure.UPCALL_INTEREST_TIMED_OUT,new UpcallInfo(a,b,0,null))},1E3*b.interestLifetime)}else console.log("WebSocket connection is not established.")};
+WebSocketTransport.prototype.expressInterest=function(a,b,c){if(null!=this.ws){var d=encodeToBinaryInterest(b),e=new Uint8Array(d.length);e.set(d);var f=new PITEntry(b,c);NDN.PITTable.push(f);this.ws.send(e.buffer);3<LOG&&console.log("ws.send() returned.");c.timerID=setTimeout(function(){3<LOG&&console.log("Interest time out.");var d=NDN.PITTable.indexOf(f);0<=d&&NDN.PITTable.splice(d,1);c.upcall(Closure.UPCALL_INTEREST_TIMED_OUT,new UpcallInfo(a,b,0,null))},b.interestLifetime)}else console.log("WebSocket connection is not established.")};
 var CSTable=[],CSEntry=function(a,b){this.name=a;this.closure=b};function getEntryForRegisteredPrefix(a){for(var b=0;b<CSTable.length;b++)if(null!=CSTable[b].name.match(a))return CSTable[b];return null}
 WebSocketTransport.prototype.registerPrefix=function(a,b,c){if(null!=this.ws){if(null==this.ccndid)return console.log("ccnd node ID unkonwn. Cannot register prefix."),-1;var a=new ForwardingEntry("selfreg",b,null,null,3,2147483647),a=encodeForwardingEntry(a),d=new SignedInfo;d.setFields();a=new ContentObject(new Name,d,a,new Signature);a.sign();a=encodeToBinaryContentObject(a);a=new Name(["ccnx",this.ccndid,"selfreg",a]);a=new Interest(a);a.scope=1;d=encodeToBinaryInterest(a);a=new Uint8Array(d.length);
 a.set(d);3<LOG&&console.log("Send Interest registration packet.");b=new CSEntry(b.getName(),c);CSTable.push(b);this.ws.send(a.buffer);return 0}console.log("WebSocket connection is not established.");return-1};
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@
 Interest.ANSWER_STALE=4;Interest.MARK_STALE=16;Interest.DEFAULT_ANSWER_ORIGIN_KIND=Interest.ANSWER_CONTENT_STORE|Interest.ANSWER_GENERATED;
 Interest.prototype.from_ccnb=function(a){a.readStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Interest);this.name=new Name;this.name.from_ccnb(a);a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.MinSuffixComponents)&&(this.minSuffixComponents=a.readIntegerElement(CCNProtocolDTags.MinSuffixComponents));a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.MaxSuffixComponents)&&(this.maxSuffixComponents=a.readIntegerElement(CCNProtocolDTags.MaxSuffixComponents));a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.PublisherPublicKeyDigest)&&(this.publisherPublicKeyDigest=
 new PublisherPublicKeyDigest,this.publisherPublicKeyDigest.from_ccnb(a));a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Exclude)&&(this.exclude=new Exclude,this.exclude.from_ccnb(a));a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.ChildSelector)&&(this.childSelector=a.readIntegerElement(CCNProtocolDTags.ChildSelector));a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.AnswerOriginKind)&&(this.answerOriginKind=a.readIntegerElement(CCNProtocolDTags.AnswerOriginKind));a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Scope)&&(this.scope=a.readIntegerElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Scope));
-a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.InterestLifetime)&&(this.interestLifetime=DataUtils.bigEndianToUnsignedInt(a.readBinaryElement(CCNProtocolDTags.InterestLifetime))/4096);a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Nonce)&&(this.nonce=a.readBinaryElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Nonce));a.readEndElement()};
+a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.InterestLifetime)&&(this.interestLifetime=1E3*DataUtils.bigEndianToUnsignedInt(a.readBinaryElement(CCNProtocolDTags.InterestLifetime))/4096);a.peekStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Nonce)&&(this.nonce=a.readBinaryElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Nonce));a.readEndElement()};
 Interest.prototype.to_ccnb=function(a){a.writeStartElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Interest);this.name.to_ccnb(a);null!=this.minSuffixComponents&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.MinSuffixComponents,this.minSuffixComponents);null!=this.maxSuffixComponents&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.MaxSuffixComponents,this.maxSuffixComponents);null!=this.publisherPublicKeyDigest&&this.publisherPublicKeyDigest.to_ccnb(a);null!=this.exclude&&this.exclude.to_ccnb(a);null!=this.childSelector&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.ChildSelector,
-this.childSelector);this.DEFAULT_ANSWER_ORIGIN_KIND!=this.answerOriginKind&&null!=this.answerOriginKind&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.AnswerOriginKind,this.answerOriginKind);null!=this.scope&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Scope,this.scope);null!=this.interestLifetime&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.InterestLifetime,DataUtils.nonNegativeIntToBigEndian(4096*this.interestLifetime));null!=this.nonce&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Nonce,this.nonce);a.writeEndElement()};
+this.childSelector);this.DEFAULT_ANSWER_ORIGIN_KIND!=this.answerOriginKind&&null!=this.answerOriginKind&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.AnswerOriginKind,this.answerOriginKind);null!=this.scope&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Scope,this.scope);null!=this.interestLifetime&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.InterestLifetime,DataUtils.nonNegativeIntToBigEndian(4096*(this.interestLifetime/1E3)));null!=this.nonce&&a.writeElement(CCNProtocolDTags.Nonce,this.nonce);a.writeEndElement()};
 Interest.prototype.matches_name=function(a){var b=this.name.components,a=a.components;if(b.length>a.length)return!1;for(var c=0;c<b.length;++c)if(!DataUtils.arraysEqual(b[c],a[c]))return!1;return!0};var Exclude=function(a){this.OPTIMUM_FILTER_SIZE=100;this.values=a};Exclude.prototype.from_ccnb=function(a){a.readStartElement(this.getElementLabel());a.readEndElement()};
 Exclude.prototype.to_ccnb=function(a){if(!validate())throw new ContentEncodingException("Cannot encode "+this.getClass().getName()+": field values missing.");empty()||(a.writeStartElement(getElementLabel()),a.writeEndElement())};Exclude.prototype.getElementLabel=function(){return CCNProtocolDTags.Exclude};var ExcludeAny=function(){};ExcludeAny.prototype.from_ccnb=function(a){a.readStartElement(this.getElementLabel());a.readEndElement()};
 ExcludeAny.prototype.to_ccnb=function(a){a.writeStartElement(this.getElementLabel());a.writeEndElement()};ExcludeAny.prototype.getElementLabel=function(){return CCNProtocolDTags.Any};var ExcludeComponent=function(a){this.body=a};ExcludeComponent.prototype.from_ccnb=function(a){this.body=a.readBinaryElement(this.getElementLabel())};ExcludeComponent.prototype.to_ccnb=function(a){a.writeElement(this.getElementLabel(),this.body)};ExcludeComponent.prototype.getElementLabel=function(){return CCNProtocolDTags.Component};