diff --git a/src/security/conf/checker.hpp b/src/security/conf/checker.hpp
index 05eb8c1..1ebcf0d 100644
--- a/src/security/conf/checker.hpp
+++ b/src/security/conf/checker.hpp
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@
     if (propertyIt != configSection.end())
       throw Error("Expect the end of checker!");
 
-    return make_shared<CustomizedChecker>(getSigType(sigType), cref(keyLocatorChecker));
+    return make_shared<CustomizedChecker>(getSigType(sigType), keyLocatorChecker);
   }
 
   static shared_ptr<Checker>
diff --git a/src/security/conf/filter.hpp b/src/security/conf/filter.hpp
index 8fa91b8..8caa5cc 100644
--- a/src/security/conf/filter.hpp
+++ b/src/security/conf/filter.hpp
@@ -199,8 +199,7 @@
         if (propertyIt != configSection.end())
           throw Error("Expect the end of filter!");
 
-        return make_shared<RelationNameFilter>(cref(name),
-                                               cref(relation));
+        return make_shared<RelationNameFilter>(name, relation);
       }
     else if (boost::iequals(propertyIt->first, "regex"))
       {
diff --git a/src/security/sec-public-info-memory.cpp b/src/security/sec-public-info-memory.cpp
index c9efc2f..be0a1e7 100644
--- a/src/security/sec-public-info-memory.cpp
+++ b/src/security/sec-public-info-memory.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 
   addIdentity(identityName);
 
-  m_keyStore[keyName.toUri()] = make_shared<KeyRecord>(keyType, cref(publicKey));
+  m_keyStore[keyName.toUri()] = make_shared<KeyRecord>(keyType, publicKey);
 }
 
 shared_ptr<PublicKey>
diff --git a/src/security/validator-config.hpp b/src/security/validator-config.hpp
index 9dc69e3..121d7e1 100644
--- a/src/security/validator-config.hpp
+++ b/src/security/validator-config.hpp
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
           Interest certInterest(keyLocatorName);
 
           shared_ptr<ValidationRequest> nextStep =
-            make_shared<ValidationRequest>(cref(certInterest),
+            make_shared<ValidationRequest>(certInterest,
                                            onCertValidated,
                                            onCertValidationFailed,
                                            1, nSteps + 1);
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
                                  const OnFailed& onValidationFailed)
 {
   shared_ptr<IdentityCertificate> certificate =
-    make_shared<IdentityCertificate>(cref(*signCertificate));
+    make_shared<IdentityCertificate>(*signCertificate);
 
   if (!certificate->isTooLate() && !certificate->isTooEarly())
     {
diff --git a/src/security/validator-regex.cpp b/src/security/validator-regex.cpp
index b4fd1b8..4c74e79 100644
--- a/src/security/validator-regex.cpp
+++ b/src/security/validator-regex.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
                                        const OnDataValidationFailed& onValidationFailed)
 {
   shared_ptr<IdentityCertificate> certificate =
-    make_shared<IdentityCertificate>(cref(*signCertificate));
+    make_shared<IdentityCertificate>(*signCertificate);
 
   if (!certificate->isTooLate() && !certificate->isTooEarly())
     {
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 
                   Interest interest(sig.getKeyLocator().getName());
                   shared_ptr<ValidationRequest> nextStep =
-                    make_shared<ValidationRequest>(cref(interest),
+                    make_shared<ValidationRequest>(interest,
                                                    onKeyValidated,
                                                    onKeyValidationFailed,
                                                    3,