/**
 * @author: Jeff Thompson
 * See COPYING for copyright and distribution information.
 */

#include <stdexcept>
#include <sstream>
#include "name.hpp"

using namespace std;

namespace ndn {

/**
 * Write the value to result, escaping characters according to the NDN URI Scheme.
 * This also adds "..." to a value with zero or more ".".
 * @param value the buffer with the value to escape
 * @param result the string stream to write to.
 */
static void toEscapedString(const vector<unsigned char> &value, ostringstream &result)
{
  bool gotNonDot = false;
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
    if (value[i] != 0x2e) {
      gotNonDot = true;
      break;
    }
  }
  if (!gotNonDot) {
    // Special case for component of zero or more periods.  Add 3 periods.
    result << "...";
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i)
      result << '.';
  }
  else {
    // In case we need to escape, set to upper case hex and save the previous flags.
    ios::fmtflags saveFlags = result.flags(ios::hex | ios::uppercase);
    
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
      unsigned char x = value[i];
      // Check for 0-9, A-Z, a-z, (+), (-), (.), (_)
      if (x >= 0x30 && x <= 0x39 || x >= 0x41 && x <= 0x5a ||
        x >= 0x61 && x <= 0x7a || x == 0x2b || x == 0x2d || 
        x == 0x2e || x == 0x5f)
        result << x;
      else {
        result << '%';
        if (x < 16)
          result << '0';
        result << (unsigned int)x;
      }
    }
    
    // Restore.
    result.flags(saveFlags);
  }  
}

static const char *WHITESPACE_CHARS = " \n\r\t";

/**
 * Modify str in place to erase whitespace on the left.
 * @param str
 */
static inline void trimLeft(string &str)
{
  size_t found = str.find_first_not_of(WHITESPACE_CHARS);
  if (found != string::npos) {
    if (found > 0)
      str.erase(0, found);
  }
  else
    // All whitespace
    str.clear();    
}

/**
 * Modify str in place to erase whitespace on the right.
 * @param str
 */
static inline void trimRight(string &str)
{
  size_t found = str.find_last_not_of(WHITESPACE_CHARS);
  if (found != string::npos) {
    if (found + 1 < str.size())
      str.erase(found + 1);
  }
  else
    // All whitespace
    str.clear();
}

/**
 * Modify str in place to erase whitespace on the left and right.
 * @param str
 */
static void trim(string &str)
{
  trimLeft(str);
  trimRight(str);
}

/**
 * Convert the hex character to an integer from 0 to 15, or -1 if not a hex character.
 * @param c
 * @return 
 */
static int fromHexChar(unsigned char c)
{
  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
    return (int)c - (int)'0';
  else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
    return (int)c - (int)'A' + 10;
  else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
    return (int)c - (int)'a' + 10;
  else
    return -1;
}

/**
 * Return a copy of str, converting each escaped "%XX" to the char value.
 * @param str
 */
static string unescape(const string &str)
{
  ostringstream result;
  
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
    if (str[i] == '%' && i + 2 < str.size()) {
      int hi = fromHexChar(str[i + 1]);
      int lo = fromHexChar(str[i + 2]);
      
      if (hi < 0 || lo < 0)
        // Invalid hex characters, so just keep the escaped string.
        result << str[i] << str[i + 1] << str[i + 2];
      else
        result << (unsigned char)(16 * hi + lo);
      
      // Skip ahead past the escaped value.
      i += 2;
    }
    else
      // Just copy through.
      result << str[i];
  }
  
  return result.str();
}

bool Name::Component::setFromEscapedString(const char *first, const char *last)
{
  string trimmedString(first, last);
  trim(trimmedString);
  string component = unescape(trimmedString);
        
  if (component.find_first_not_of(".") == string::npos) {
    // Special case for component of only periods.  
    if (component.size() <= 2)
      // Zero, one or two periods is illegal.  Ignore this component.
      return false;
    else {
      // Remove 3 periods.
      value_.clear();
      value_.insert(value_.begin(), component.begin() + 3, component.end()); 
    }
  }
  else {
    value_.clear();
    value_.insert(value_.begin(), component.begin(), component.end()); 
  }
  
  return true;
}

void Name::Component::setSegment(unsigned long segment)
{
  value_.clear();
  
  // First encode in little endian.
  while (segment != 0) {
    value_.push_back(segment & 0xff);
    segment >>= 8;
  }
  
  // Append a zero which will become the leading zero when we reverse.
  value_.push_back(0);
  
  // Make it big endian.
  reverse(value_.begin(), value_.end());
}

Name::Name(const char *uri_cstr) 
{
  string uri = uri_cstr;
  trim(uri);
  if (uri.size() == 0)
    return;

  size_t iColon = uri.find(':');
  if (iColon != string::npos) {
    // Make sure the colon came before a '/'.
    size_t iFirstSlash = uri.find('/');
    if (iFirstSlash == string::npos || iColon < iFirstSlash) {
      // Omit the leading protocol such as ndn:
      uri.erase(0, iColon + 1);
      trim(uri);
    }
  }
    
  // Trim the leading slash and possibly the authority.
  if (uri[0] == '/') {
    if (uri.size() >= 2 && uri[1] == '/') {
      // Strip the authority following "//".
      size_t iAfterAuthority = uri.find('/', 2);
      if (iAfterAuthority == string::npos)
        // Unusual case: there was only an authority.
        return;
      else {
        uri.erase(0, iAfterAuthority + 1);
        trim(uri);
      }
    }
    else {
      uri.erase(0, 1);
      trim(uri);
    }
  }

  size_t iComponentStart = 0;
  
  // Unescape the components.
  while (iComponentStart < uri.size()) {
    size_t iComponentEnd = uri.find("/", iComponentStart);
    if (iComponentEnd == string::npos)
      iComponentEnd = uri.size();
    
    components_.push_back(Component());
    if (!components_[components_.size() - 1].setFromEscapedString(&uri[iComponentStart], &uri[iComponentEnd]))
      // Ignore the illegal component.  This also gets rid of a trailing '/'.
      components_.pop_back();
    
    iComponentStart = iComponentEnd + 1;
  }
}

void Name::get(struct ndn_Name &nameStruct) const
{
  if (nameStruct.maxComponents < components_.size())
    throw runtime_error("nameStruct.maxComponents must be >= this name getNComponents()");
  
  nameStruct.nComponents = components_.size();
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nameStruct.nComponents; ++i)
    components_[i].get(nameStruct.components[i]);
}
  
void Name::set(const struct ndn_Name &nameStruct) 
{
  clear();
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nameStruct.nComponents; ++i)
    addComponent(nameStruct.components[i].value, nameStruct.components[i].valueLength);  
}

std::string Name::toUri() const
{
  if (components_.size() == 0)
    return "/";
  
  ostringstream result;
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < components_.size(); ++i) {
    result << "/";
    toEscapedString(components_[i].getValue(), result);
  }
  
  return result.str();
}

}