name: allow appending typed name components

This commit also adds test coverage for Name::isPrefixOf and
Name comparison operators.

refs #4526

Change-Id: I93996adb97408cbeec0a8b0fd06c3a12cbf5a78f
diff --git a/src/name-component.hpp b/src/name-component.hpp
index 4e3563c..1f5e16c 100644
--- a/src/name-component.hpp
+++ b/src/name-component.hpp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 
 public: // constructors
   /**
-   * @brief Construct a NameComponent of @p type, using empty TLV-VALUE.
+   * @brief Construct a NameComponent of TLV-TYPE @p type, using empty TLV-VALUE.
    * @throw Error the NameComponent is invalid (see @c ensureValid).
    */
   explicit
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
   Component(const Block& wire);
 
   /**
-   * @brief Construct a NameComponent of @p type, using TLV-VALUE from @p buffer.
+   * @brief Construct a NameComponent of TLV-TYPE @p type, using TLV-VALUE from @p buffer.
    * @throw Error the NameComponent is invalid (see @c ensureValid).
    *
    * This constructor does not copy the underlying buffer, but retains a pointer to it.
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
   }
 
   /**
-   * @brief Construct a NameComponent of @p type, copying TLV-VALUE from @p buffer.
+   * @brief Construct a NameComponent of TLV-TYPE @p type, copying TLV-VALUE from @p buffer.
    */
   Component(uint32_t type, const Buffer& buffer)
     : Component(type, buffer.data(), buffer.size())
@@ -116,7 +116,8 @@
   }
 
   /**
-   * @brief Construct a NameComponent of @p type, copying @p count bytes at @p value as TLV-VALUE.
+   * @brief Construct a NameComponent of TLV-TYPE @p type, copying @p count bytes at @p value as
+   *        TLV-VALUE.
    */
   Component(uint32_t type, const uint8_t* value, size_t count);
 
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@
   }
 
   /**
-   * @brief Construct a NameComponent of @p type, copying TLV-VALUE from a range.
+   * @brief Construct a NameComponent of TLV-TYPE @p type, copying TLV-VALUE from a range.
    * @tparam Iterator an @c InputIterator dereferencing to a one-octet value type. More efficient
    *                  implementation is available when it is a @c RandomAccessIterator.
    * @param type      the TLV-TYPE.
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@
    *
    * This also adds "..." to a value with zero or more "."
    *
-   * @param os The output stream to where write the URI escaped version *this
+   * @param os The output stream where to write the URI escaped version of *this
    */
   void
   toUri(std::ostream& os) const;
@@ -240,49 +241,49 @@
 public: // naming conventions
   /**
    * @brief Check if the component is nonNegativeInteger
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/tlv.html#non-negative-integer-encoding
+   * @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/tlv.html#non-negative-integer-encoding
    */
   bool
   isNumber() const;
 
   /**
    * @brief Check if the component is NameComponentWithMarker per NDN naming conventions
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   bool
   isNumberWithMarker(uint8_t marker) const;
 
   /**
    * @brief Check if the component is version per NDN naming conventions
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   bool
   isVersion() const;
 
   /**
    * @brief Check if the component is segment number per NDN naming conventions
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   bool
   isSegment() const;
 
   /**
    * @brief Check if the component is segment offset per NDN naming conventions
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   bool
   isSegmentOffset() const;
 
   /**
    * @brief Check if the component is timestamp per NDN naming conventions
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   bool
   isTimestamp() const;
 
   /**
    * @brief Check if the component is sequence number per NDN naming conventions
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   bool
   isSequenceNumber() const;
@@ -290,7 +291,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Interpret this name component as nonNegativeInteger
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/tlv.html#non-negative-integer-encoding
+   * @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/tlv.html#non-negative-integer-encoding
    *
    * @return The integer number.
    */
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Interpret this name component as NameComponentWithMarker
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    *
    * @param marker 1-byte octet of the marker
    * @return The integer number.
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Interpret as version component using NDN naming conventions
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    *
    * @throws Error if name component does not have the specified marker.
    *         tlv::Error if format does not follow NameComponentWithMarker specification.
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Interpret as segment number component using NDN naming conventions
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    *
    * @throws Error if name component does not have the specified marker.
    *         tlv::Error if format does not follow NameComponentWithMarker specification.
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Interpret as segment offset component using NDN naming conventions
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    *
    * @throws Error if name component does not have the specified marker.
    *         tlv::Error if format does not follow NameComponentWithMarker specification.
@@ -346,7 +347,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Interpret as timestamp component using NDN naming conventions
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    *
    * @throws Error if name component does not have the specified marker.
    *         tlv::Error if format does not follow NameComponentWithMarker specification.
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Interpret as sequence number component using NDN naming conventions
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    *
    * @throws Error if name component does not have the specified marker.
    *         tlv::Error if format does not follow NameComponentWithMarker specification.
@@ -368,7 +369,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Create a component encoded as nonNegativeInteger
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/tlv.html#non-negative-integer-encoding
+   * @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/tlv.html#non-negative-integer-encoding
    *
    * @param number The non-negative number
    * @return The component value.
@@ -391,7 +392,7 @@
    *     TLV-LENGTH := VAR-NUMBER
    *     TLV-VALUE := BYTE+
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    *
    * @param marker 1-byte marker octet
    * @param number The non-negative number
@@ -403,7 +404,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Create version component using NDN naming conventions
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   static Component
   fromVersion(uint64_t version);
@@ -411,7 +412,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Create segment number component using NDN naming conventions
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   static Component
   fromSegment(uint64_t segmentNo);
@@ -419,7 +420,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Create segment offset component using NDN naming conventions
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   static Component
   fromSegmentOffset(uint64_t offset);
@@ -427,7 +428,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Create sequence number component using NDN naming conventions
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   static Component
   fromTimestamp(const time::system_clock::TimePoint& timePoint);
@@ -435,7 +436,7 @@
   /**
    * @brief Create sequence number component using NDN naming conventions
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
+   * @sa NDN Naming Conventions https://named-data.net/doc/tech-memos/naming-conventions.pdf
    */
   static Component
   fromSequenceNumber(uint64_t seqNo);
@@ -489,7 +490,7 @@
    * @retval zero this equals other
    * @retval positive this comes after other in canonical ordering
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#canonical-order
+   * @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#canonical-order
    */
   int
   compare(const Component& other) const;
@@ -521,7 +522,7 @@
    * @brief Check if the *this is less than or equal to the other in NDN canonical ordering
    * @param other The other Component to compare with
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#canonical-order
+   * @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#canonical-order
    */
   bool
   operator<=(const Component& other) const
@@ -533,7 +534,7 @@
    * @brief Check if the *this is less than the other in NDN canonical ordering
    * @param other The other Component to compare with
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#canonical-order
+   * @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#canonical-order
    */
   bool
   operator<(const Component& other) const
@@ -545,7 +546,7 @@
    * @brief Check if the *this is greater or equal than the other in NDN canonical ordering
    * @param other The other Component to compare with
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#canonical-order
+   * @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#canonical-order
    */
   bool
   operator>=(const Component& other) const
@@ -557,7 +558,7 @@
    * @brief Check if the *this is greater than the other in NDN canonical ordering
    * @param other The other Component to compare with
    *
-   * @see http://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#canonical-order
+   * @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#canonical-order
    */
   bool
   operator>(const Component& other) const
diff --git a/src/name.hpp b/src/name.hpp
index b27f3fd..ad64424 100644
--- a/src/name.hpp
+++ b/src/name.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Regents of the University of California.
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2018 Regents of the University of California.
  *
  * This file is part of ndn-cxx library (NDN C++ library with eXperimental eXtensions).
  *
@@ -89,19 +89,19 @@
 
   /** @brief Parse name from NDN URI
    *  @param uri a null-terminated URI string
-   *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#ndn-uri-scheme
+   *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#ndn-uri-scheme
    */
   Name(const char* uri);
 
   /** @brief Create name from NDN URI
    *  @param uri a URI string
-   *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#ndn-uri-scheme
+   *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#ndn-uri-scheme
    */
   Name(std::string uri);
 
   /** @brief Get URI representation of the name
    *  @return URI representation; "ndn:" scheme identifier is not included
-   *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#ndn-uri-scheme
+   *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#ndn-uri-scheme
    *  @note To print URI representation into a stream, it is more efficient to use ``os << name``.
    */
   std::string
@@ -249,8 +249,8 @@
   }
 
 public: // modifiers
-  /** @brief Append a component
-   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining
+  /** @brief Append a component.
+   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining.
    */
   Name&
   append(const Component& component)
@@ -259,66 +259,86 @@
     return *this;
   }
 
-  /** @brief Append a component, copying from a zero-terminated byte string
-   *  @param value a zero-terminated string; it will be constructed as a component as is
-   *               and will not be interpreted as a URI
-   *  @note This overload is necessary to ensure unambiguity of ``append("string")``, because both
-   *        Component and PartialName are implicitly convertible from zero-terminated byte string.
-   *        This overload ensures the string is constructed as a Component.
+  /** @brief Append a NameComponent of TLV-TYPE @p type, copying @p count bytes at @p value as
+   *         TLV-VALUE.
+   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining.
    */
   Name&
-  append(const char* value)
+  append(uint32_t type, const uint8_t* value, size_t count)
   {
-    return append(Component(value));
+    return append(Component(type, value, count));
   }
 
-  /** @brief Append a component, copying from [@p value, @p value + @p valueLength)
-   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining
+  /** @brief Append a GenericNameComponent, copying @p count bytes at @p value as TLV-VALUE.
+   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining.
    */
   Name&
-  append(const uint8_t* value, size_t valueLength)
+  append(const uint8_t* value, size_t count)
   {
-    return append(Component(value, valueLength));
+    return append(Component(value, count));
   }
 
-  /** @brief Append a component, copying from [@p first, @p last)
-   *  @tparam Iterator an InputIterator dereferencing to a one-octet value type. More efficient
-   *                   implementation is available when @p Iterator additionally satisfies
-   *                   RandomAccessIterator concept.
-   *  @param first     begin position of the value
-   *  @param last      end position of the value
-   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining
+  /** @brief Append a NameComponent of TLV-TYPE @p type, copying TLV-VALUE from a range.
+   *  @tparam Iterator an @c InputIterator dereferencing to a one-octet value type. More efficient
+   *                   implementation is available when it is a @c RandomAccessIterator.
+   *  @param type      the TLV-TYPE.
+   *  @param first     beginning of the range.
+   *  @param last      past-end of the range.
+   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining.
+   */
+  template<class Iterator>
+  Name&
+  append(uint32_t type, Iterator first, Iterator last)
+  {
+    return append(Component(type, first, last));
+  }
+
+  /** @brief Append a GenericNameComponent, copying TLV-VALUE from a range.
+   *  @tparam Iterator an @c InputIterator dereferencing to a one-octet value type. More efficient
+   *                   implementation is available when it is a @c RandomAccessIterator.
+   *  @param first     beginning of the range.
+   *  @param last      past-end of the range.
+   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining.
    */
   template<class Iterator>
   Name&
   append(Iterator first, Iterator last)
   {
-    static_assert(sizeof(typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::value_type) == 1,
-                  "iterator does not dereference to one-octet value type");
     return append(Component(first, last));
   }
 
-  /** @brief Append a component, decoding from a Block
-   *  @param value a Block; if its TLV-TYPE is not NameComponent, it is nested into a NameComponent
-   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining
+  /** @brief Append a GenericNameComponent, copying TLV-VALUE from a null-terminated string.
+   *  @param str a null-terminated string. Bytes from the string are copied as is, and not
+   *             interpreted as URI component.
+   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining.
+   */
+  Name&
+  append(const char* str)
+  {
+    return append(Component(str));
+  }
+
+  /** @brief Append a GenericNameComponent from a TLV element.
+   *  @param value a TLV element. If its type is @c tlv::GenericNameComponent, it is used as is.
+   *               Otherwise, it is encapsulated into a GenericNameComponent.
+   *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining.
    */
   Name&
   append(const Block& value)
   {
-    if (value.type() == tlv::NameComponent) {
+    if (value.type() == tlv::GenericNameComponent) {
       m_wire.push_back(value);
     }
     else {
-      m_wire.push_back(Block(tlv::NameComponent, value));
+      m_wire.push_back(Block(tlv::GenericNameComponent, value));
     }
-
     return *this;
   }
 
   /** @brief Append a component with a nonNegativeInteger
    *  @sa number the number
    *  @return a reference to this name, to allow chaining
-   *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/tlv.html#non-negative-integer-encoding
+   *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/tlv.html#non-negative-integer-encoding
    */
   Name&
   appendNumber(uint64_t number)
@@ -514,7 +534,7 @@
    *  @retval zero this equals other
    *  @retval positive this comes after other in canonical ordering
    *
-   *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#canonical-order
+   *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#canonical-order
    */
   int
   compare(const Name& other) const
@@ -579,13 +599,13 @@
 }
 
 /** @brief Print URI representation of a name
- *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#ndn-uri-scheme
+ *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#ndn-uri-scheme
  */
 std::ostream&
 operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Name& name);
 
 /** @brief Parse URI from stream as Name
- *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/ndn-tlv/name.html#ndn-uri-scheme
+ *  @sa https://named-data.net/doc/NDN-packet-spec/current/name.html#ndn-uri-scheme
  */
 std::istream&
 operator>>(std::istream& is, Name& name);