In common.h, define func_lib for function objects. In configure.ac, define HAVE_STD_FUNCTION and HAVE_BOOST_FUNCTION. Include function headers in ndnboost.
diff --git a/libs/functional/forward/doc/Jamfile b/libs/functional/forward/doc/Jamfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5665497
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/functional/forward/doc/Jamfile
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+# (C) Copyright Tobias Schwinger
+#
+# Use modification and distribution are subject to the boost Software License,
+# Version 1.0. (See http:/\/www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt).
+
+using quickbook ;
+
+xml forward : forward.qbk ;
+boostbook standalone : forward
+ :
+ <xsl:param>boost.root=../../../../..
+ <xsl:param>boost.libraries=../../../../libraries.htm
+ <xsl:param>chunk.section.depth=0
+ <xsl:param>chunk.first.sections=0
+ <xsl:param>generate.section.toc.level=2
+ <xsl:param>toc.max.depth=1
+ ;
+
diff --git a/libs/functional/forward/doc/forward.qbk b/libs/functional/forward/doc/forward.qbk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4eb227d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/functional/forward/doc/forward.qbk
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+[library Boost.Functional/Forward
+ [quickbook 1.3]
+ [version 1.0]
+ [authors [Schwinger, Tobias]]
+ [copyright 2007 2008 Tobias Schwinger]
+ [license
+ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+ (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+ [@http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt])
+ ]
+ [purpose Function object adapters for generic argument forwarding.]
+ [category higher-order]
+ [category generic]
+ [last-revision $Date: 2008/11/01 19:58:50 $]
+]
+
+[def __unspecified__ /unspecified/]
+[def __boost_ref__ [@http://www.boost.org/doc/html/ref.html Boost.Ref]]
+[def __boost_result_of__ [@http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/utility.htm#result_of Boost.ResultOf]]
+[def __boost__result_of__ [@http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/utility.htm#result_of `boost::result_of`]]
+[def __the_forwarding_problem__ [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2002/n1385.htm The Forwarding Problem]]
+[def __boost_fusion__ [@http://www.boost.org/libs/fusion/doc/html/index.html Boost.Fusion]]
+
+[section Brief Description]
+
+`boost::forward_adapter` provides a reusable adapter template for function
+objects. It forwards RValues as references to const, while leaving LValues
+as-is.
+
+ struct g // function object that only accept LValues
+ {
+ template< typename T0, typename T1, typename T2 >
+ void operator()(T0 & t0, T1 & t1, T2 & t2) const;
+
+ typedef void result_type;
+ };
+
+ // Adapted version also accepts RValues and forwards
+ // them as references to const, LValues as-is
+ typedef boost::forward_adapter<g> f;
+
+Another adapter, `boost::lighweight_forward_adapter` allows forwarding with
+some help from the user accepting and unwrapping reference wrappers (see
+__boost_ref__) for reference arguments, const qualifying all other arguments.
+
+The target functions must be compatible with __boost_result_of__, and so are
+the adapters.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Background]
+
+Let's suppose we have some function `f` that we can call like this:
+
+ f(123,a_variable);
+
+Now we want to write another, generic function `g` that can be called the
+same way and returns some object that calls `f` with the same arguments.
+
+ f(123,a_variable) == g(f,123,a_variable).call_f()
+
+[heading Why would we want to do it, anyway?]
+
+Maybe we want to run `f` several times. Or maybe we want to run it within
+another thread. Maybe we just want to encapsulate the call expression for now,
+and then use it with other code that allows to compose more complex expressions
+in order to decompose it with C++ templates and have the compiler generate some
+machinery that eventually calls `f` at runtime (in other words; apply a
+technique that is commonly referred to as Expression Templates).
+
+[heading Now, how do we do it?]
+
+The bad news is: It's impossible.
+
+That is so because there is a slight difference between a variable and an
+expression that evaluates to its value: Given
+
+ int y;
+ int const z = 0;
+
+and
+
+ template< typename T > void func1(T & x);
+
+we can call
+
+ func1(y); // x is a reference to a non-const object
+ func1(z); // x is a reference to a const object
+
+where
+
+ func1(1); // fails to compile.
+
+This way we can safely have `func1` store its reference argument and the
+compiler keeps us from storing a reference to an object with temporary lifetime.
+
+It is important to realize that non-constness and whether an object binds to a
+non-const reference parameter are two different properties. The latter is the
+distinction between LValues and RValues. The names stem from the left hand side
+and the right hand side of assignment expressions, thus LValues are typically
+the ones you can assign to, and RValues the temporary results from the right
+hand side expression.
+
+ y = 1+2; // a is LValue, 1+2 is the expression producing the RValue,
+ // 1+2 = a; // usually makes no sense.
+
+ func1(y); // works, because y is an LValue
+ // func1(1+2); // fails to compile, because we only got an RValue.
+
+If we add const qualification on the parameter, our function also accepts
+RValues:
+
+ template< typename T > void func2(T const & x);
+
+ // [...] function scope:
+ func2(1); // x is a reference to a const temporary, object,
+ func2(y); // x is a reference to a const object, while y is not const, and
+ func2(z); // x is a reference to a const object, just like z.
+
+In all cases, the argument `x` in `func2` is a const-qualified LValue.
+We can use function overloading to identify non-const LValues:
+
+ template< typename T > void func3(T const & x); // #1
+ template< typename T > void func3(T & x); // #2
+
+ // [...] function scope:
+ func3(1); // x is a reference to a const, temporary object in #1,
+ func3(y); // x is a reference to a non-const object in #2, and
+ func3(z); // x is a reference to a const object in #1.
+
+Note that all arguments `x` in the overloaded function `func3` are LValues.
+In fact, there is no way to transport RValues into a function as-is in C++98.
+Also note that we can't distinguish between what used to be a const qualified
+LValue and an RValue.
+
+That's as close as we can get to a generic forwarding function `g` as
+described above by the means of C++ 98. See __the_forwarding_problem__ for a
+very detailed discussion including solutions that require language changes.
+
+Now, for actually implementing it, we need 2^N overloads for N parameters
+(each with and without const qualifier) for each number of arguments
+(that is 2^(Nmax+1) - 2^Nmin). Right, that means the compile-time complexity
+is O(2^N), however the factor is low so it works quite well for a reasonable
+number (< 10) of arguments.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section:reference Reference]
+
+[section forward_adapter]
+
+[heading Description]
+
+Function object adapter template whose instances are callable with LValue and
+RValue arguments. RValue arguments are forwarded as reference-to-const typed
+LValues.
+
+An arity can be given as second, numeric non-type template argument to restrict
+forwarding to a specific arity.
+If a third, numeric non-type template argument is present, the second and third
+template argument are treated as minimum and maximum arity, respectively.
+Specifying an arity can be helpful to improve the readability of diagnostic
+messages and compile time performance.
+
+__boost_result_of__ can be used to determine the result types of specific call
+expressions.
+
+[heading Header]
+ #include <boost/functional/forward_adapter.hpp>
+
+[heading Synopsis]
+
+ namespace boost
+ {
+ template< class Function,
+ int Arity_Or_MinArity = __unspecified__, int MaxArity = __unspecified__ >
+ class forward_adapter;
+ }
+
+[variablelist Notation
+ [[`F`] [a possibly const qualified function object type or reference type thereof]]
+ [[`f`] [an object convertible to `F`]]
+ [[`FA`] [the type `forward_adapter<F>`]]
+ [[`fa`] [an instance object of `FA`, initialized with `f`]]
+ [[`a0`...`aN`] [arguments to `fa`]]
+]
+
+The result type of a target function invocation must be
+
+ __boost__result_of__<F*(TA0 [const]&...TAN [const]&])>::type
+
+where `TA0`...`TAN` denote the argument types of `a0`...`aN`.
+
+[heading Expression Semantics]
+
+[table
+ [[Expression] [Semantics]]
+ [[`FA(f)`] [creates an adapter, initializes the target function with `f`.]]
+ [[`FA()`] [creates an adapter, attempts to use `F`'s default constructor.]]
+ [[`fa(a0`...`aN)`] [calls `f` with with arguments `a0`...`aN`.]]
+]
+
+[heading Limits]
+
+The macro BOOST_FUNCTIONAL_FORWARD_ADAPTER_MAX_ARITY can be defined to set the
+maximum call arity. It defaults to 6.
+
+[heading Complexity]
+
+Preprocessing time: O(2^N), where N is the arity limit.
+Compile time: O(2^N), where N depends on the arity range.
+Run time: O(0) if the compiler inlines, O(1) otherwise.
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+[section lightweight_forward_adapter]
+
+[heading Description]
+
+Function object adapter template whose instances are callable with LValue and
+RValue arguments. All arguments are forwarded as reference-to-const typed
+LValues, except for reference wrappers which are unwrapped and may yield
+non-const LValues.
+
+An arity can be given as second, numeric non-type template argument to restrict
+forwarding to a specific arity.
+If a third, numeric non-type template argument is present, the second and third
+template argument are treated as minimum and maximum arity, respectively.
+Specifying an arity can be helpful to improve the readability of diagnostic
+messages and compile time performance.
+
+__boost_result_of__ can be used to determine the result types of specific call
+expressions.
+
+[heading Header]
+ #include <boost/functional/lightweight_forward_adapter.hpp>
+
+[heading Synopsis]
+
+ namespace boost
+ {
+ template< class Function,
+ int Arity_Or_MinArity = __unspecified__, int MaxArity = __unspecified__ >
+ struct lightweight_forward_adapter;
+ }
+
+[variablelist Notation
+ [[`F`] [a possibly const qualified function object type or reference type thereof]]
+ [[`f`] [an object convertible to `F`]]
+ [[`FA`] [the type `lightweight_forward_adapter<F>`]]
+ [[`fa`] [an instance of `FA`, initialized with `f`]]
+ [[`a0`...`aN`] [arguments to `fa`]]
+]
+
+The result type of a target function invocation must be
+
+ __boost__result_of__<F*(TA0 [const]&...TAN [const]&])>::type
+
+where `TA0`...`TAN` denote the argument types of `a0`...`aN`.
+
+[heading Expression Semantics]
+
+[table
+ [[Expression] [Semantics]]
+ [[`FA(f)`] [creates an adapter, initializes the target function with `f`.]]
+ [[`FA()`] [creates an adapter, attempts to use `F`'s default constructor.]]
+ [[`fa(a0`...`aN)`] [calls `f` with with const arguments `a0`...`aN`. If `aI` is a
+ reference wrapper it is unwrapped.]]
+]
+
+[heading Limits]
+
+The macro BOOST_FUNCTIONAL_LIGHTWEIGHT_FORWARD_ADAPTER_MAX_ARITY can be defined
+to set the maximum call arity. It defaults to 10.
+
+[heading Complexity]
+
+Preprocessing time: O(N), where N is the arity limit.
+Compile time: O(N), where N is the effective arity of a call.
+Run time: O(0) if the compiler inlines, O(1) otherwise.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+[section Acknowledgements]
+
+As these utilities are factored out of the __boost_fusion__ functional module,
+I want to thank Dan Marsden and Joel de Guzman for letting me participate in the
+development of that great library in the first place.
+
+Further, I want to credit the authors of the references below, for their
+in-depth investigation of the problem and the solution implemented here.
+
+Last but not least I want to thank Vesa Karnoven and Paul Mensonides for the
+Boost Preprocessor library. Without it, I would have ended up with an external
+code generator for this one.
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+[section References]
+
+# [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2002/n1385.htm The Forwarding Problem],
+ Peter Dimov, Howard E. Hinnant, David Abrahams, 2002
+
+# [@http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/utility.htm#result_of Boost.ResultOf],
+ Douglas Gregor, 2004
+
+# [@http://www.boost.org/doc/html/ref.html Boost.Ref],
+ Jaakko Jarvi, Peter Dimov, Douglas Gregor, David Abrahams, 1999-2002
+
+[endsect]
+
diff --git a/libs/functional/forward/doc/html/index.html b/libs/functional/forward/doc/html/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49d52b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/functional/forward/doc/html/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,571 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
+<title>Chapter 1. Boost.Functional/Forward 1.0</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
+<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
+<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Chapter 1. Boost.Functional/Forward 1.0">
+</head>
+<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
+<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
+<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../boost.png"></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/people.html">People</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/faq.html">FAQ</a></td>
+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav"></div>
+<div class="chapter">
+<div class="titlepage"><div>
+<div><h2 class="title">
+<a name="boost_functional_forward"></a>Chapter 1. Boost.Functional/Forward 1.0</h2></div>
+<div><div class="author"><h3 class="author">
+<span class="firstname">Tobias</span> <span class="surname">Schwinger</span>
+</h3></div></div>
+<div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2007, 2008 Tobias Schwinger</p></div>
+<div><div class="legalnotice">
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.legal"></a><p>
+ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+ </p>
+</div></div>
+</div></div>
+<div class="toc">
+<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
+<dl class="toc">
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.brief_description">Brief Description</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.background">Background</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference">Reference</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.references">References</a></span></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.brief_description"></a><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.brief_description" title="Brief Description">Brief Description</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">forward_adapter</span></code> provides a reusable adapter
+ template for function objects. It forwards RValues as references to const,
+ while leaving LValues as-is.
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">g</span> <span class="comment">// function object that only accept LValues</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T0</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">()(</span><span class="identifier">T0</span> <span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">t0</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">t1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">t2</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+ <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">};</span>
+
+<span class="comment">// Adapted version also accepts RValues and forwards</span>
+<span class="comment">// them as references to const, LValues as-is</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">forward_adapter</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">g</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">;</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ Another adapter, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">lighweight_forward_adapter</span></code> allows forwarding
+ with some help from the user accepting and unwrapping reference wrappers (see
+ <a href="http://www.boost.org/doc/html/ref.html" target="_top">Boost.Ref</a>) for
+ reference arguments, const qualifying all other arguments.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ The target functions must be compatible with <a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/utility.htm#result_of" target="_top">Boost.ResultOf</a>,
+ and so are the adapters.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.background"></a><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.background" title="Background">Background</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ Let's suppose we have some function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code>
+ that we can call like this:
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">123</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">a_variable</span><span class="special">);</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ Now we want to write another, generic function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">g</span></code>
+ that can be called the same way and returns some object that calls <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> with the same arguments.
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">123</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">a_variable</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="identifier">g</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">123</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">a_variable</span><span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">call_f</span><span class="special">()</span>
+</pre>
+<h4>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.background.h0"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.background.why_would_we_want_to_do_it__anyway_"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.background.why_would_we_want_to_do_it__anyway_">Why
+ would we want to do it, anyway?</a>
+ </h4>
+<p>
+ Maybe we want to run <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> several
+ times. Or maybe we want to run it within another thread. Maybe we just want
+ to encapsulate the call expression for now, and then use it with other code
+ that allows to compose more complex expressions in order to decompose it with
+ C++ templates and have the compiler generate some machinery that eventually
+ calls <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> at runtime (in other
+ words; apply a technique that is commonly referred to as Expression Templates).
+ </p>
+<h4>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.background.h1"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.background.now__how_do_we_do_it_"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.background.now__how_do_we_do_it_">Now, how
+ do we do it?</a>
+ </h4>
+<p>
+ The bad news is: It's impossible.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ That is so because there is a slight difference between a variable and an expression
+ that evaluates to its value: Given
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">z</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ and
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">func1</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">);</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ we can call
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">func1</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// x is a reference to a non-const object</span>
+<span class="identifier">func1</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">z</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// x is a reference to a const object</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ where
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">func1</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// fails to compile.</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ This way we can safely have <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">func1</span></code>
+ store its reference argument and the compiler keeps us from storing a reference
+ to an object with temporary lifetime.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ It is important to realize that non-constness and whether an object binds to
+ a non-const reference parameter are two different properties. The latter is
+ the distinction between LValues and RValues. The names stem from the left hand
+ side and the right hand side of assignment expressions, thus LValues are typically
+ the ones you can assign to, and RValues the temporary results from the right
+ hand side expression.
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">y</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">+</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// a is LValue, 1+2 is the expression producing the RValue,</span>
+<span class="comment">// 1+2 = a; // usually makes no sense. </span>
+
+<span class="identifier">func1</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// works, because y is an LValue</span>
+<span class="comment">// func1(1+2); // fails to compile, because we only got an RValue.</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ If we add const qualification on the parameter, our function also accepts RValues:
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">func2</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">);</span>
+
+<span class="comment">// [...] function scope:</span>
+<span class="identifier">func2</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// x is a reference to a const temporary, object,</span>
+<span class="identifier">func2</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// x is a reference to a const object, while y is not const, and</span>
+<span class="identifier">func2</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">z</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// x is a reference to a const object, just like z.</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ In all cases, the argument <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">x</span></code>
+ in <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">func2</span></code> is a const-qualified
+ LValue. We can use function overloading to identify non-const LValues:
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">func3</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// #1</span>
+<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">func3</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// #2</span>
+
+<span class="comment">// [...] function scope:</span>
+<span class="identifier">func3</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// x is a reference to a const, temporary object in #1,</span>
+<span class="identifier">func3</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// x is a reference to a non-const object in #2, and</span>
+<span class="identifier">func3</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">z</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// x is a reference to a const object in #1.</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ Note that all arguments <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">x</span></code> in
+ the overloaded function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">func3</span></code>
+ are LValues. In fact, there is no way to transport RValues into a function
+ as-is in C++98. Also note that we can't distinguish between what used to be
+ a const qualified LValue and an RValue.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ That's as close as we can get to a generic forwarding function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">g</span></code> as described above by the means of C++
+ 98. See <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2002/n1385.htm" target="_top">The
+ Forwarding Problem</a> for a very detailed discussion including solutions
+ that require language changes.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Now, for actually implementing it, we need 2^N overloads for N parameters (each
+ with and without const qualifier) for each number of arguments (that is 2^(Nmax+1)
+ - 2^Nmin). Right, that means the compile-time complexity is O(2^N), however
+ the factor is low so it works quite well for a reasonable number (< 10)
+ of arguments.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference"></a><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference" title="Reference">Reference</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="toc"><dl class="toc">
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter">forward_adapter</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter">lightweight_forward_adapter</a></span></dt>
+</dl></div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter"></a><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter" title="forward_adapter">forward_adapter</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.h0"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.description"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.description">Description</a>
+ </h5>
+<p>
+ Function object adapter template whose instances are callable with LValue
+ and RValue arguments. RValue arguments are forwarded as reference-to-const
+ typed LValues.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ An arity can be given as second, numeric non-type template argument to restrict
+ forwarding to a specific arity. If a third, numeric non-type template argument
+ is present, the second and third template argument are treated as minimum
+ and maximum arity, respectively. Specifying an arity can be helpful to improve
+ the readability of diagnostic messages and compile time performance.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ <a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/utility.htm#result_of" target="_top">Boost.ResultOf</a>
+ can be used to determine the result types of specific call expressions.
+ </p>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.h1"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.header"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.header">Header</a>
+ </h5>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">functional</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">forward_adapter</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
+</pre>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.h2"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.synopsis"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.synopsis">Synopsis</a>
+ </h5>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Function</span><span class="special">,</span>
+ <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">Arity_Or_MinArity</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>unspecified</em></span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">MaxArity</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>unspecified</em></span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">forward_adapter</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+<div class="variablelist">
+<p class="title"><b>Notation</b></p>
+<dl class="variablelist">
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">F</span></code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ a possibly const qualified function object type or reference type thereof
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ an object convertible to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">F</span></code>
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">FA</span></code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">forward_adapter</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">F</span><span class="special">></span></code>
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">fa</span></code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ an instance object of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">FA</span></code>,
+ initialized with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code>
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">a0</span></code>...<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">aN</span></code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ arguments to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">fa</span></code>
+ </p></dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<p>
+ The result type of a target function invocation must be
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/utility.htm#result_of" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">result_of</span></code></a><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">F</span><span class="special">*(</span><span class="identifier">TA0</span> <span class="special">[</span><span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">]&...</span><span class="identifier">TAN</span> <span class="special">[</span><span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">]&])>::</span><span class="identifier">type</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ where <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">TA0</span></code>...<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">TAN</span></code> denote the argument types of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">a0</span></code>...<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">aN</span></code>.
+ </p>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.h3"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.expression_semantics"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.expression_semantics">Expression
+ Semantics</a>
+ </h5>
+<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
+<colgroup>
+<col>
+<col>
+</colgroup>
+<thead><tr>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ Expression
+ </p>
+ </th>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ Semantics
+ </p>
+ </th>
+</tr></thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">FA</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ creates an adapter, initializes the target function with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code>.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">FA</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ creates an adapter, attempts to use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">F</span></code>'s
+ default constructor.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">fa</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a0</span></code>...<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">aN</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ calls <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> with with
+ arguments <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">a0</span></code>...<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">aN</span></code>.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.h4"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.limits"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.limits">Limits</a>
+ </h5>
+<p>
+ The macro BOOST_FUNCTIONAL_FORWARD_ADAPTER_MAX_ARITY can be defined to set
+ the maximum call arity. It defaults to 6.
+ </p>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.h5"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.complexity"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.forward_adapter.complexity">Complexity</a>
+ </h5>
+<p>
+ Preprocessing time: O(2^N), where N is the arity limit. Compile time: O(2^N),
+ where N depends on the arity range. Run time: O(0) if the compiler inlines,
+ O(1) otherwise.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter"></a><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter" title="lightweight_forward_adapter">lightweight_forward_adapter</a>
+</h3></div></div></div>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.h0"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.description"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.description">Description</a>
+ </h5>
+<p>
+ Function object adapter template whose instances are callable with LValue
+ and RValue arguments. All arguments are forwarded as reference-to-const typed
+ LValues, except for reference wrappers which are unwrapped and may yield
+ non-const LValues.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ An arity can be given as second, numeric non-type template argument to restrict
+ forwarding to a specific arity. If a third, numeric non-type template argument
+ is present, the second and third template argument are treated as minimum
+ and maximum arity, respectively. Specifying an arity can be helpful to improve
+ the readability of diagnostic messages and compile time performance.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ <a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/utility.htm#result_of" target="_top">Boost.ResultOf</a>
+ can be used to determine the result types of specific call expressions.
+ </p>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.h1"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.header"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.header">Header</a>
+ </h5>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">functional</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">lightweight_forward_adapter</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
+</pre>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.h2"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.synopsis"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.synopsis">Synopsis</a>
+ </h5>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span>
+<span class="special">{</span>
+ <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Function</span><span class="special">,</span>
+ <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">Arity_Or_MinArity</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>unspecified</em></span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">MaxArity</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>unspecified</em></span> <span class="special">></span>
+ <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">lightweight_forward_adapter</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+<div class="variablelist">
+<p class="title"><b>Notation</b></p>
+<dl class="variablelist">
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">F</span></code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ a possibly const qualified function object type or reference type thereof
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ an object convertible to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">F</span></code>
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">FA</span></code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">lightweight_forward_adapter</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">F</span><span class="special">></span></code>
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">fa</span></code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ an instance of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">FA</span></code>,
+ initialized with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code>
+ </p></dd>
+<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">a0</span></code>...<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">aN</span></code></span></dt>
+<dd><p>
+ arguments to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">fa</span></code>
+ </p></dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<p>
+ The result type of a target function invocation must be
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/utility.htm#result_of" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">result_of</span></code></a><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">F</span><span class="special">*(</span><span class="identifier">TA0</span> <span class="special">[</span><span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">]&...</span><span class="identifier">TAN</span> <span class="special">[</span><span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">]&])>::</span><span class="identifier">type</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+ where <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">TA0</span></code>...<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">TAN</span></code> denote the argument types of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">a0</span></code>...<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">aN</span></code>.
+ </p>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.h3"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.expression_semantics"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.expression_semantics">Expression
+ Semantics</a>
+ </h5>
+<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
+<colgroup>
+<col>
+<col>
+</colgroup>
+<thead><tr>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ Expression
+ </p>
+ </th>
+<th>
+ <p>
+ Semantics
+ </p>
+ </th>
+</tr></thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">FA</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ creates an adapter, initializes the target function with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code>.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">FA</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ creates an adapter, attempts to use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">F</span></code>'s
+ default constructor.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">fa</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a0</span></code>...<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">aN</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
+ </p>
+ </td>
+<td>
+ <p>
+ calls <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> with with
+ const arguments <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">a0</span></code>...<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">aN</span></code>. If <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">aI</span></code>
+ is a reference wrapper it is unwrapped.
+ </p>
+ </td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table></div>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.h4"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.limits"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.limits">Limits</a>
+ </h5>
+<p>
+ The macro BOOST_FUNCTIONAL_LIGHTWEIGHT_FORWARD_ADAPTER_MAX_ARITY can be defined
+ to set the maximum call arity. It defaults to 10.
+ </p>
+<h5>
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.h5"></a>
+ <span class="phrase"><a name="boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.complexity"></a></span><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.reference.lightweight_forward_adapter.complexity">Complexity</a>
+ </h5>
+<p>
+ Preprocessing time: O(N), where N is the arity limit. Compile time: O(N),
+ where N is the effective arity of a call. Run time: O(0) if the compiler
+ inlines, O(1) otherwise.
+ </p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.acknowledgements"></a><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.acknowledgements" title="Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<p>
+ As these utilities are factored out of the <a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/fusion/doc/html/index.html" target="_top">Boost.Fusion</a>
+ functional module, I want to thank Dan Marsden and Joel de Guzman for letting
+ me participate in the development of that great library in the first place.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Further, I want to credit the authors of the references below, for their in-depth
+ investigation of the problem and the solution implemented here.
+ </p>
+<p>
+ Last but not least I want to thank Vesa Karnoven and Paul Mensonides for the
+ Boost Preprocessor library. Without it, I would have ended up with an external
+ code generator for this one.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="boost_functional_forward.references"></a><a class="link" href="index.html#boost_functional_forward.references" title="References">References</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
+<li class="listitem">
+ <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2002/n1385.htm" target="_top">The
+ Forwarding Problem</a>, Peter Dimov, Howard E. Hinnant, David Abrahams,
+ 2002
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ <a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/utility.htm#result_of" target="_top">Boost.ResultOf</a>,
+ Douglas Gregor, 2004
+ </li>
+<li class="listitem">
+ <a href="http://www.boost.org/doc/html/ref.html" target="_top">Boost.Ref</a>,
+ Jaakko Jarvi, Peter Dimov, Douglas Gregor, David Abrahams, 1999-2002
+ </li>
+</ol></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"><p><small>Last revised: November 01, 2008 at 19:58:50 GMT</small></p></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"></div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav"></div>
+</body>
+</html>
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