In common.h, define func_lib for function objects. In configure.ac, define HAVE_STD_FUNCTION and HAVE_BOOST_FUNCTION. Include function headers in ndnboost.
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+ <h1>Binders</h1>
+
+ <p>The header <a href="../../boost/functional.hpp">functional.hpp</a>
+ provides enhanced versions of both the binder function object adapters from
+ the C++ Standard Library (§20.3.6):</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><tt>binder1st</tt></li>
+
+ <li><tt>binder2nd</tt></li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>As well as the corresponding helper functions</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><tt>bind1st</tt></li>
+
+ <li><tt>bind2nd</tt></li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>The key benefit of these adapters over those in the Standard Library is
+ they avoid the problem of <a href="#refref">references to
+ references.</a></p>
+
+ <h3>Usage</h3>
+
+ <p>Usage is identical to the standard binders. For example,</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <pre>
+class Foo {
+public:
+ void bar(std::ostream &);
+ // ...
+};
+// ...
+std::vector<Foo> c;
+// ...
+std::for_each(c.begin(), c.end(),
+ boost::bind2nd(boost::mem_fun_ref(&Foo::bar), std::cout));
+</pre>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <h3 id="refref">References to References</h3>
+
+ <p>Consider the usage example above</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <pre>
+class Foo {
+public:
+ void bar(<strong>std::ostream &</strong>);
+ // ...
+};
+// ...
+std::for_each(c.begin(), c.end(),
+ boost::bind2nd(boost::mem_fun_ref(&Foo::bar), std::cout));
+</pre>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>If this had been written using <tt>std::bind2nd</tt> and
+ <tt>std::mem_fun_ref</tt>, it would be unlikely to compile.</p>
+
+ <p>The problem arises because <tt>bar</tt> takes a reference argument. The
+ Standard defines <tt>std::mem_fun_ref</tt> such that it creates a function
+ object whose <tt>second_argument_type</tt> will be
+ <tt>std::ostream&</tt>.</p>
+
+ <p>The call to <tt>bind2nd</tt> creates a <tt>binder2nd</tt> which the
+ Standard defines as follows:</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <pre>
+template <class Operation>
+class binder2nd
+ : public unary_function<typename Operation::first_argument_type,
+ typename Operation::result_type> {
+...
+public:
+ binder2nd(const Operation& x,
+ <strong>const typename Operation::second_argument_type& y</strong>);
+ ...
+</pre>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>Since our operation's <tt>second_argument_type</tt> is
+ <tt>std::ostream&</tt>, the type of <tt>y</tt> in the constructor would
+ be <tt>std::ostream&&</tt>. Since you cannot have a reference to a
+ reference, at this point we should get a compilation error because
+ references to references are illegal in C++ (but see <a href=
+ "http://anubis.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/cwg_active.html#106">C++
+ Standard core language active issues list</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>The binders in this library avoid this problem by using the Boost
+ <tt><a href="../utility/call_traits.htm">call_traits</a></tt>
+ templates.</p>
+
+ <p>Our constructor is declared</p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <pre>
+binder2nd(const Operation& x,
+ <strong>typename call_traits<
+ typename binary_traits<Operation>::second_argument_type
+ >::param_type y</strong>)
+</pre>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>As a result, <tt>y</tt> has a type of <tt>std::ostream&</tt>, and
+ our example compiles.</p>
+ <hr>
+
+ <p><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img border="0" src=
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+
+ <p>Revised
+ <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->02
+ December, 2006<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="38510" --></p>
+
+ <p><i>Copyright © 2000 Cadenza New Zealand Ltd.</i></p>
+
+ <p><i>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+ accompanying file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or
+ copy at <a href=
+ "http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</i></p>
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