util: Improvements of string helpers

Improvements include:
- test cases for every string helper
- a new `printHex` helper to output hex conversion directly to std::ostream
- new `toHex` and `printHex` helpers that accept Buffer as input parameter
- a new `fromHex` helper to convert the supplied string to shared_ptr<const Buffer>
- replaced uses of CryptoPP routines with `toHex` and `fromHex` helpers where applicable

Change-Id: I092c9fa8fd21c413b53ea5624b82f769287bb42c
Refs: #3006
diff --git a/tests/unit-tests/util/digest.t.cpp b/tests/unit-tests/util/digest.t.cpp
index 531868f..e1b3278 100644
--- a/tests/unit-tests/util/digest.t.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit-tests/util/digest.t.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include "util/digest.hpp"
 #include "util/crypto.hpp"
+#include "util/string-helper.hpp"
 
 #include "boost-test.hpp"
 
@@ -215,15 +216,12 @@
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(Print)
 {
-  using namespace CryptoPP;
-
   uint8_t origin[32] = {0x94, 0xEE, 0x05, 0x93, 0x35, 0xE5, 0x87, 0xE5,
                         0x01, 0xCC, 0x4B, 0xF9, 0x06, 0x13, 0xE0, 0x81,
                         0x4F, 0x00, 0xA7, 0xB0, 0x8B, 0xC7, 0xC6, 0x48,
                         0xFD, 0x86, 0x5A, 0x2A, 0xF6, 0xA2, 0x2C, 0xC2};
 
-  std::string hexString;
-  StringSource(origin, 32, true, new HexEncoder(new StringSink(hexString)));
+  std::string hexString = toHex(origin, 32);
 
   std::string str("TEST");
   Sha256 digest;
@@ -234,7 +232,6 @@
 
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(os.str(), hexString);
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(digest.toString(), hexString);
-
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
diff --git a/tests/unit-tests/util/string-helper.t.cpp b/tests/unit-tests/util/string-helper.t.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82c30d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit-tests/util/string-helper.t.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2015 Regents of the University of California.
+ *
+ * This file is part of ndn-cxx library (NDN C++ library with eXperimental eXtensions).
+ *
+ * ndn-cxx library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ * terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software
+ * Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * ndn-cxx library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+ * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+ * PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received copies of the GNU General Public License and GNU Lesser
+ * General Public License along with ndn-cxx, e.g., in COPYING.md file.  If not, see
+ * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ * See AUTHORS.md for complete list of ndn-cxx authors and contributors.
+ */
+
+#include "util/string-helper.hpp"
+
+#include "boost-test.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace ndn {
+namespace util {
+namespace test {
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(UtilStringHelper)
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(ToHex)
+{
+  std::string test = "Hello, world!";
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(toHex(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(test.data()), test.size()),
+                    "48656C6C6F2C20776F726C6421");
+
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(toHex(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(test.data()), test.size(), false),
+                    "48656c6c6f2c20776f726c6421");
+
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(toHex(nullptr, 0), "");
+
+  Buffer buffer(test.data(), test.size());
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(toHex(buffer, false),  "48656c6c6f2c20776f726c6421");
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(FromHexChar)
+{
+  // for (int ch = 0; ch <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max(); ++ch) {
+  //   std::cout << "{0x" << std::hex << ch << ", "
+  //             << std::dec << fromHexChar(static_cast<char>(ch)) << "}, ";
+  //   if (ch % 8 == 7)
+  //     std::cout << std::endl;
+  // }
+  std::vector<std::pair<unsigned char, int>> hexMap{
+    {0x0, -1}, {0x1, -1}, {0x2, -1}, {0x3, -1}, {0x4, -1}, {0x5, -1}, {0x6, -1}, {0x7, -1},
+    {0x8, -1}, {0x9, -1}, {0xa, -1}, {0xb, -1}, {0xc, -1}, {0xd, -1}, {0xe, -1}, {0xf, -1},
+    {0x10, -1}, {0x11, -1}, {0x12, -1}, {0x13, -1}, {0x14, -1}, {0x15, -1}, {0x16, -1}, {0x17, -1},
+    {0x18, -1}, {0x19, -1}, {0x1a, -1}, {0x1b, -1}, {0x1c, -1}, {0x1d, -1}, {0x1e, -1}, {0x1f, -1},
+    {0x20, -1}, {0x21, -1}, {0x22, -1}, {0x23, -1}, {0x24, -1}, {0x25, -1}, {0x26, -1}, {0x27, -1},
+    {0x28, -1}, {0x29, -1}, {0x2a, -1}, {0x2b, -1}, {0x2c, -1}, {0x2d, -1}, {0x2e, -1}, {0x2f, -1},
+    {0x30, 0}, {0x31, 1}, {0x32, 2}, {0x33, 3}, {0x34, 4}, {0x35, 5}, {0x36, 6}, {0x37, 7},
+    {0x38, 8}, {0x39, 9}, {0x3a, -1}, {0x3b, -1}, {0x3c, -1}, {0x3d, -1}, {0x3e, -1}, {0x3f, -1},
+    {0x40, -1}, {0x41, 10}, {0x42, 11}, {0x43, 12}, {0x44, 13}, {0x45, 14}, {0x46, 15}, {0x47, -1},
+    {0x48, -1}, {0x49, -1}, {0x4a, -1}, {0x4b, -1}, {0x4c, -1}, {0x4d, -1}, {0x4e, -1}, {0x4f, -1},
+    {0x50, -1}, {0x51, -1}, {0x52, -1}, {0x53, -1}, {0x54, -1}, {0x55, -1}, {0x56, -1}, {0x57, -1},
+    {0x58, -1}, {0x59, -1}, {0x5a, -1}, {0x5b, -1}, {0x5c, -1}, {0x5d, -1}, {0x5e, -1}, {0x5f, -1},
+    {0x60, -1}, {0x61, 10}, {0x62, 11}, {0x63, 12}, {0x64, 13}, {0x65, 14}, {0x66, 15}, {0x67, -1},
+    {0x68, -1}, {0x69, -1}, {0x6a, -1}, {0x6b, -1}, {0x6c, -1}, {0x6d, -1}, {0x6e, -1}, {0x6f, -1},
+    {0x70, -1}, {0x71, -1}, {0x72, -1}, {0x73, -1}, {0x74, -1}, {0x75, -1}, {0x76, -1}, {0x77, -1},
+    {0x78, -1}, {0x79, -1}, {0x7a, -1}, {0x7b, -1}, {0x7c, -1}, {0x7d, -1}, {0x7e, -1}, {0x7f, -1},
+    {0x80, -1}, {0x81, -1}, {0x82, -1}, {0x83, -1}, {0x84, -1}, {0x85, -1}, {0x86, -1}, {0x87, -1},
+    {0x88, -1}, {0x89, -1}, {0x8a, -1}, {0x8b, -1}, {0x8c, -1}, {0x8d, -1}, {0x8e, -1}, {0x8f, -1},
+    {0x90, -1}, {0x91, -1}, {0x92, -1}, {0x93, -1}, {0x94, -1}, {0x95, -1}, {0x96, -1}, {0x97, -1},
+    {0x98, -1}, {0x99, -1}, {0x9a, -1}, {0x9b, -1}, {0x9c, -1}, {0x9d, -1}, {0x9e, -1}, {0x9f, -1},
+    {0xa0, -1}, {0xa1, -1}, {0xa2, -1}, {0xa3, -1}, {0xa4, -1}, {0xa5, -1}, {0xa6, -1}, {0xa7, -1},
+    {0xa8, -1}, {0xa9, -1}, {0xaa, -1}, {0xab, -1}, {0xac, -1}, {0xad, -1}, {0xae, -1}, {0xaf, -1},
+    {0xb0, -1}, {0xb1, -1}, {0xb2, -1}, {0xb3, -1}, {0xb4, -1}, {0xb5, -1}, {0xb6, -1}, {0xb7, -1},
+    {0xb8, -1}, {0xb9, -1}, {0xba, -1}, {0xbb, -1}, {0xbc, -1}, {0xbd, -1}, {0xbe, -1}, {0xbf, -1},
+    {0xc0, -1}, {0xc1, -1}, {0xc2, -1}, {0xc3, -1}, {0xc4, -1}, {0xc5, -1}, {0xc6, -1}, {0xc7, -1},
+    {0xc8, -1}, {0xc9, -1}, {0xca, -1}, {0xcb, -1}, {0xcc, -1}, {0xcd, -1}, {0xce, -1}, {0xcf, -1},
+    {0xd0, -1}, {0xd1, -1}, {0xd2, -1}, {0xd3, -1}, {0xd4, -1}, {0xd5, -1}, {0xd6, -1}, {0xd7, -1},
+    {0xd8, -1}, {0xd9, -1}, {0xda, -1}, {0xdb, -1}, {0xdc, -1}, {0xdd, -1}, {0xde, -1}, {0xdf, -1},
+    {0xe0, -1}, {0xe1, -1}, {0xe2, -1}, {0xe3, -1}, {0xe4, -1}, {0xe5, -1}, {0xe6, -1}, {0xe7, -1},
+    {0xe8, -1}, {0xe9, -1}, {0xea, -1}, {0xeb, -1}, {0xec, -1}, {0xed, -1}, {0xee, -1}, {0xef, -1},
+    {0xf0, -1}, {0xf1, -1}, {0xf2, -1}, {0xf3, -1}, {0xf4, -1}, {0xf5, -1}, {0xf6, -1}, {0xf7, -1},
+    {0xf8, -1}, {0xf9, -1}, {0xfa, -1}, {0xfb, -1}, {0xfc, -1}, {0xfd, -1}, {0xfe, -1}, {0xff, -1}
+  };
+  for (const auto& item : hexMap) {
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(fromHexChar(static_cast<char>(item.first)), item.second);
+  }
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(FromHex)
+{
+  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(fromHex("48656c6c6f2c20776f726c6421"));
+  BOOST_CHECK(*fromHex("48656c6c6f2c20776f726c6421") ==
+    (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21}));
+
+  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(fromHex("012a3Bc4defAB5CdEF"));
+  BOOST_CHECK(*fromHex("012a3Bc4defAB5CdEF") ==
+    (std::vector<uint8_t>{0x01, 0x2a, 0x3b, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xfa, 0xb5, 0xcd, 0xef}));
+
+  BOOST_CHECK_THROW(fromHex("1"), StringHelperError);
+  BOOST_CHECK_THROW(fromHex("zz"), StringHelperError);
+  BOOST_CHECK_THROW(fromHex("00az"), StringHelperError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(Trim)
+{
+  std::string test1 = "Hello, world!";
+  std::string test2 = "\n \t    Hello, world!\n\r   \t ";
+  std::string test3 = "            \t \n \r          ";
+
+  // TrimLeft
+  std::string test = test1;
+  trimLeft(test);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(test, "Hello, world!");
+
+  test = test2;
+  trimLeft(test);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(test, "Hello, world!\n\r   \t ");
+
+  test = test3;
+  trimLeft(test);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(test, "");
+
+  // TrimRight
+  test = test1;
+  trimRight(test);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(test, "Hello, world!");
+
+  test = test2;
+  trimRight(test);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(test, "\n \t    Hello, world!");
+
+  test = test3;
+  trimRight(test);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(test, "");
+
+  // Trim
+  test = test1;
+  trim(test);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(test, "Hello, world!");
+
+  test = test2;
+  trim(test);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(test, "Hello, world!");
+
+  test = test3;
+  trim(test);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(test, "");
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(Unescape)
+{
+  std::string test1 = "Hello%01, world!%AA  ";
+  std::string test2 = "Invalid escape %ZZ (not a hex value)";
+  std::string test3 = "Invalid escape %a (should be two hex symbols)";
+  std::string test4 = "Invalid escape %a";
+
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(unescape(test1), "Hello\x01, world!\xAA  ");
+
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(unescape(test2), "Invalid escape %ZZ (not a hex value)");
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(unescape(test3), "Invalid escape %a (should be two hex symbols)");
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(unescape(test4), "Invalid escape %a");
+
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(unescape("%01%2a%3B%c4%de%fA%B5%Cd%EF"),
+                    "\x01\x2a\x3b\xc4\xde\xfa\xb5\xcd\xef");
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
+
+} // namespace test
+} // namespace util
+} // namespace ndn