diff --git a/tests/security/test-certificate-cache.cpp b/tests/security/test-certificate-cache.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3718170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/security/test-certificate-cache.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Regents of the University of California.
+ * @author: Yingdi Yu <yingdi0@cs.ucla.edu>
+ * See COPYING for copyright and distribution information.
+ */
+
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "security/certificate-cache-ttl.hpp"
+#include "face.hpp"
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace ndn {
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(TestCertificateCache)
+
+void
+getCertificateTtl(shared_ptr<CertificateCacheTtl> cache, const Name &name, bool cached)
+{
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(static_cast<bool>(cache->getCertificate(name)), cached);
+}
+
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE (Ttl)
+{
+  shared_ptr<boost::asio::io_service> io = make_shared<boost::asio::io_service>();
+  shared_ptr<CertificateCacheTtl> cache = make_shared<CertificateCacheTtl>(io, 1);
+  Scheduler scheduler(*io);
+
+  shared_ptr<IdentityCertificate> cert1 = make_shared<IdentityCertificate>();
+  Name certName1("/tmp/KEY/ksk-1/ID-CERT/1");
+  cert1->setName(certName1);
+  cert1->setFreshnessPeriod(500);
+  shared_ptr<IdentityCertificate> cert2 = make_shared<IdentityCertificate>();
+  Name certName2("/tmp/KEY/ksk-2/ID-CERT/2");
+  cert2->setName(certName2);
+  cert2->setFreshnessPeriod(1000);
+
+  Name name1 = certName1.getPrefix(-1);
+  Name name2 = certName2.getPrefix(-1);
+  
+  cache->insertCertificate(cert1);
+  cache->insertCertificate(cert2);
+
+  scheduler.scheduleEvent(time::seconds(0.3), bind(&getCertificateTtl, cache, name1, true));
+  scheduler.scheduleEvent(time::seconds(0.3), bind(&getCertificateTtl, cache, name2, true));
+  scheduler.scheduleEvent(time::seconds(0.6), bind(&getCertificateTtl, cache, name1, false));
+  scheduler.scheduleEvent(time::seconds(0.6), bind(&getCertificateTtl, cache, name2, true));
+  scheduler.scheduleEvent(time::seconds(0.6), bind(&CertificateCache::insertCertificate, &*cache, cert2));
+  scheduler.scheduleEvent(time::seconds(1.3), bind(&getCertificateTtl, cache, name2, true));
+  scheduler.scheduleEvent(time::seconds(1.7), bind(&getCertificateTtl, cache, name2, false));
+
+  io->run();
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
+
+} // namespace ndn
diff --git a/tests/security/test-encode-decode-certificate.cpp b/tests/security/test-encode-decode-certificate.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..409e757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/security/test-encode-decode-certificate.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Regents of the University of California.
+ * See COPYING for copyright and distribution information.
+ */
+
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "security/certificate.hpp"
+#include "security/public-key.hpp"
+
+#if __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wtautological-compare"
+#endif
+
+#include <cryptopp/cryptlib.h>
+#include <cryptopp/rsa.h>
+#include <cryptopp/files.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <boost/test/output_test_stream.hpp>
+
+using namespace std;
+namespace ndn {
+
+using namespace CryptoPP;
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(TestCertificate)
+
+const uint8_t CertificateRaw[] = {
+};
+
+const unsigned char PRIVATE_KEY_DER[] = {
+0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x74, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
+0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x82, 0x02, 0x5e, 0x30, 0x82, 0x02, 0x5a, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0x9e, 0x06, 0x3e,
+0x47, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x34, 0x37, 0xaa, 0x85, 0x47, 0xac, 0x03, 0x24, 0x83, 0xb5, 0x9c, 0xa8, 0x05, 0x3a, 0x24, 0x1e, 0xeb,
+0x89, 0x01, 0xbb, 0xe9, 0x9b, 0xb2, 0xc3, 0x22, 0xac, 0x68, 0xe3, 0xf0, 0x6c, 0x02, 0xce, 0x68, 0xa6, 0xc4, 0xd0, 0xa7,
+0x06, 0x90, 0x9c, 0xaa, 0x1b, 0x08, 0x1d, 0x8b, 0x43, 0x9a, 0x33, 0x67, 0x44, 0x6d, 0x21, 0xa3, 0x1b, 0x88, 0x9a, 0x97,
+0x5e, 0x59, 0xc4, 0x15, 0x0b, 0xd9, 0x2c, 0xbd, 0x51, 0x07, 0x61, 0x82, 0xad, 0xc1, 0xb8, 0xd7, 0xbf, 0x9b, 0xcf, 0x7d,
+0x24, 0xc2, 0x63, 0xf3, 0x97, 0x17, 0xeb, 0xfe, 0x62, 0x25, 0xba, 0x5b, 0x4d, 0x8a, 0xc2, 0x7a, 0xbd, 0x43, 0x8a, 0x8f,
+0xb8, 0xf2, 0xf1, 0xc5, 0x6a, 0x30, 0xd3, 0x50, 0x8c, 0xc8, 0x9a, 0xdf, 0xef, 0xed, 0x35, 0xe7, 0x7a, 0x62, 0xea, 0x76,
+0x7c, 0xbb, 0x08, 0x26, 0xc7, 0x02, 0x01, 0x11, 0x02, 0x81, 0x80, 0x04, 0xa5, 0xd4, 0xa7, 0xc0, 0x2a, 0xe3, 0x6b, 0x0c,
+0x8b, 0x73, 0x0c, 0x96, 0xae, 0x40, 0x1b, 0xee, 0x04, 0xf1, 0x18, 0x4c, 0x5b, 0x43, 0x29, 0xad, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x93, 0xa3,
+0x60, 0x17, 0x9b, 0xa8, 0xbb, 0x68, 0xf4, 0x1e, 0x33, 0x3f, 0x50, 0x32, 0xf7, 0x13, 0xf8, 0xa9, 0xe6, 0x7d, 0x79, 0x44,
+0x00, 0xde, 0x72, 0xed, 0xf2, 0x73, 0xfa, 0x7b, 0xae, 0x2a, 0x71, 0xc0, 0x40, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6f, 0x38, 0xb2, 0x69, 0x1f,
+0xa8, 0x83, 0x7b, 0x42, 0x00, 0x73, 0x46, 0xe6, 0x4c, 0x91, 0x7f, 0x13, 0x06, 0x69, 0x06, 0xd8, 0x3f, 0x22, 0x15, 0x75,
+0xf6, 0xde, 0xcd, 0xb0, 0xbc, 0x66, 0x61, 0x91, 0x08, 0x9b, 0x2b, 0xb2, 0x00, 0xa9, 0x67, 0x05, 0x39, 0x40, 0xb9, 0x37,
+0x85, 0x88, 0x4f, 0x76, 0x79, 0x63, 0xc0, 0x88, 0x3c, 0x86, 0xa8, 0x12, 0x94, 0x5f, 0xe4, 0x36, 0x3d, 0xea, 0xb9, 0x02,
+0x41, 0x00, 0xb6, 0x2e, 0xbb, 0xcd, 0x2f, 0x3a, 0x99, 0xe0, 0xa1, 0xa5, 0x44, 0x77, 0xea, 0x0b, 0xbe, 0x16, 0x95, 0x0e,
+0x64, 0xa7, 0x68, 0xd7, 0x4b, 0x15, 0x15, 0x23, 0xe2, 0x1e, 0x4e, 0x00, 0x2c, 0x22, 0x97, 0xae, 0xb0, 0x74, 0xa6, 0x99,
+0xd0, 0x5d, 0xb7, 0x1b, 0x10, 0x34, 0x13, 0xd2, 0x5f, 0x6e, 0x56, 0xad, 0x85, 0x4a, 0xdb, 0xf0, 0x78, 0xbd, 0xf4, 0x8c,
+0xb7, 0x9a, 0x3e, 0x99, 0xef, 0xb9, 0x02, 0x41, 0x00, 0xde, 0x0d, 0xa7, 0x48, 0x75, 0x90, 0xad, 0x11, 0xa1, 0xac, 0xee,
+0xcb, 0x41, 0x81, 0xc6, 0xc8, 0x7f, 0xe7, 0x25, 0x94, 0xa1, 0x2a, 0x21, 0xa8, 0x57, 0xfe, 0x84, 0xf2, 0x5e, 0xb4, 0x96,
+0x35, 0xaf, 0xef, 0x2e, 0x7a, 0xf8, 0xda, 0x3f, 0xac, 0x8a, 0x3c, 0x1c, 0x9c, 0xbd, 0x44, 0xd6, 0x90, 0xb5, 0xce, 0x1b,
+0x12, 0xf9, 0x3b, 0x8c, 0x69, 0xf6, 0xa9, 0x02, 0x93, 0x48, 0x35, 0x0a, 0x7f, 0x02, 0x40, 0x6b, 0x2a, 0x8c, 0x96, 0xd0,
+0x7c, 0xd2, 0xfc, 0x9b, 0x52, 0x28, 0x46, 0x89, 0xac, 0x8d, 0xef, 0x2a, 0x80, 0xef, 0xea, 0x01, 0x6f, 0x95, 0x93, 0xee,
+0x51, 0x57, 0xd5, 0x97, 0x4b, 0x65, 0x41, 0x86, 0x66, 0xc2, 0x26, 0x80, 0x1e, 0x3e, 0x55, 0x3e, 0x88, 0x63, 0xe2, 0x66,
+0x03, 0x47, 0x31, 0xd8, 0xa2, 0x4e, 0x68, 0x45, 0x24, 0x0a, 0xca, 0x17, 0x61, 0xd5, 0x69, 0xca, 0x78, 0xab, 0x21, 0x02,
+0x41, 0x00, 0x8f, 0xae, 0x7b, 0x4d, 0x00, 0xc7, 0x06, 0x92, 0xf0, 0x24, 0x9a, 0x83, 0x84, 0xbd, 0x62, 0x81, 0xbc, 0x2c,
+0x27, 0x60, 0x2c, 0x0c, 0x33, 0xe5, 0x66, 0x1d, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x10, 0x1a, 0x7f, 0x4f, 0xea, 0x4f, 0x78, 0x6d, 0xb0, 0x14,
+0xbf, 0xc9, 0xff, 0x17, 0xd6, 0x47, 0x4d, 0x4a, 0xa8, 0xf4, 0x39, 0x67, 0x3e, 0xb1, 0xec, 0x8f, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xbd, 0xb8,
+0xa7, 0x50, 0x3d, 0xc7, 0xf7, 0xbb, 0x02, 0x40, 0x0d, 0x85, 0x32, 0x73, 0x9f, 0x0a, 0x33, 0x2f, 0x4b, 0xa2, 0xbd, 0xd1,
+0xb1, 0x42, 0xf0, 0x72, 0xa8, 0x7a, 0xc8, 0x15, 0x37, 0x1b, 0xde, 0x76, 0x70, 0xce, 0xfd, 0x69, 0x20, 0x00, 0x4d, 0xc9,
+0x4f, 0x35, 0x6f, 0xd1, 0x35, 0xa1, 0x04, 0x95, 0x30, 0xe8, 0x3b, 0xd5, 0x03, 0x5a, 0x50, 0x21, 0x6d, 0xa0, 0x84, 0x39,
+0xe9, 0x2e, 0x1e, 0xfc, 0xe4, 0x82, 0x43, 0x20, 0x46, 0x7d, 0x0a, 0xb6
+};
+
+const uint8_t PUBLIC_KEY[] = {
+0x30, 0x81, 0x9d, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x81,
+0x8b, 0x00, 0x30, 0x81, 0x87, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0x9e, 0x06, 0x3e, 0x47, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x34, 0x37, 0xaa, 0x85, 0x47,
+0xac, 0x03, 0x24, 0x83, 0xb5, 0x9c, 0xa8, 0x05, 0x3a, 0x24, 0x1e, 0xeb, 0x89, 0x01, 0xbb, 0xe9, 0x9b, 0xb2, 0xc3, 0x22,
+0xac, 0x68, 0xe3, 0xf0, 0x6c, 0x02, 0xce, 0x68, 0xa6, 0xc4, 0xd0, 0xa7, 0x06, 0x90, 0x9c, 0xaa, 0x1b, 0x08, 0x1d, 0x8b,
+0x43, 0x9a, 0x33, 0x67, 0x44, 0x6d, 0x21, 0xa3, 0x1b, 0x88, 0x9a, 0x97, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xc4, 0x15, 0x0b, 0xd9, 0x2c, 0xbd,
+0x51, 0x07, 0x61, 0x82, 0xad, 0xc1, 0xb8, 0xd7, 0xbf, 0x9b, 0xcf, 0x7d, 0x24, 0xc2, 0x63, 0xf3, 0x97, 0x17, 0xeb, 0xfe,
+0x62, 0x25, 0xba, 0x5b, 0x4d, 0x8a, 0xc2, 0x7a, 0xbd, 0x43, 0x8a, 0x8f, 0xb8, 0xf2, 0xf1, 0xc5, 0x6a, 0x30, 0xd3, 0x50,
+0x8c, 0xc8, 0x9a, 0xdf, 0xef, 0xed, 0x35, 0xe7, 0x7a, 0x62, 0xea, 0x76, 0x7c, 0xbb, 0x08, 0x26, 0xc7, 0x02, 0x01, 0x11
+};
+
+const uint8_t CERT[] = {
+0x30, 0x81, 0xff, 0x30, 0x22, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x33, 0x31, 0x32, 0x32, 0x36, 0x32, 0x33, 0x32, 0x32, 0x35, 0x34, 0x5a, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x33, 0x31, 0x32, 0x32, 0x36, 0x32, 0x33, 0x32, 0x32, 0x35, 0x34, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x29, 0x13, 0x09, 0x54, 0x45, 0x53, 0x54, 0x20, 0x4e, 0x41, 0x4d, 0x45, 0x30, 0x81, 0x9d, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x81, 0x8b, 0x00, 0x30, 0x81, 0x87, 0x02, 0x81, 0x81, 0x00, 0x9e, 0x06, 0x3e, 0x47, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x34, 0x37, 0xaa, 0x85, 0x47, 0xac, 0x03, 0x24, 0x83, 0xb5, 0x9c, 0xa8, 0x05, 0x3a, 0x24, 0x1e, 0xeb, 0x89, 0x01, 0xbb, 0xe9, 0x9b, 0xb2, 0xc3, 0x22, 0xac, 0x68, 0xe3, 0xf0, 0x6c, 0x02, 0xce, 0x68, 0xa6, 0xc4, 0xd0, 0xa7, 0x06, 0x90, 0x9c, 0xaa, 0x1b, 0x08, 0x1d, 0x8b, 0x43, 0x9a, 0x33, 0x67, 0x44, 0x6d, 0x21, 0xa3, 0x1b, 0x88, 0x9a, 0x97, 0x5e, 0x59, 0xc4, 0x15, 0x0b, 0xd9, 0x2c, 0xbd, 0x51, 0x07, 0x61, 0x82, 0xad, 0xc1, 0xb8, 0xd7, 0xbf, 0x9b, 0xcf, 0x7d, 0x24, 0xc2, 0x63, 0xf3, 0x97, 0x17, 0xeb, 0xfe, 0x62, 0x25, 0xba, 0x5b, 0x4d, 0x8a, 0xc2, 0x7a, 0xbd, 0x43, 0x8a, 0x8f, 0xb8, 0xf2, 0xf1, 0xc5, 0x6a, 0x30, 0xd3, 0x50, 0x8c, 0xc8, 0x9a, 0xdf, 0xef, 0xed, 0x35, 0xe7, 0x7a, 0x62, 0xea, 0x76, 0x7c, 0xbb, 0x08, 0x26, 0xc7, 0x02, 0x01, 0x11, 0x30, 0x25, 0x30, 0x23, 0x06, 0x06, 0x2b, 0x06, 0x01, 0x05, 0x20, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x16, 0x30, 0x14, 0x04, 0x0c, 0x2f, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x2f, 0x6b, 0x69, 0x74, 0x74, 0x79, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x0a
+};
+
+const std::string CERT_INFO = "Certificate name:\n"
+  "  /\n"
+  "Validity:\n"
+  "  NotBefore: 20131226T232254.000000\n"
+  "  NotAfter: 20131226T232254.000000\n"
+  "Subject Description:\n"
+  "  2.5.4.41: TEST NAME\n"
+  "Public key bits:\n"
+  "MIGdMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GLADCBhwKBgQCeBj5HhbI0N6qFR6wDJIO1nKgF\n"
+  "OiQe64kBu+mbssMirGjj8GwCzmimxNCnBpCcqhsIHYtDmjNnRG0hoxuImpdeWcQV\n"
+  "C9ksvVEHYYKtwbjXv5vPfSTCY/OXF+v+YiW6W02Kwnq9Q4qPuPLxxWow01CMyJrf\n"
+  "7+0153pi6nZ8uwgmxwIB\n";
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE (Encode)
+{
+  ndn::Certificate c;
+
+  // validity
+  c.setNotBefore(1388100174000); // 12/26/2013 @ 11:22pm
+  c.setNotAfter(1388100174000); // 12/26/2013 @ 11:22pm
+
+  // subject
+  c.addSubjectDescription(CertificateSubjectDescription("2.5.4.41", "TEST NAME"));
+
+  // publicKeyInfo
+  ndn::PublicKey key(PUBLIC_KEY, sizeof(PUBLIC_KEY));
+  c.setPublicKeyInfo(key);
+
+  // extensions
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_NO_THROW({
+    std::string extenstionValue;
+    StringSink sink(extenstionValue);
+    DERSequenceEncoder seq(sink);
+    {
+      std::string name("/hello/kitty");
+      DEREncodeOctetString(seq, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(name.c_str()), name.size());
+      // trustClass
+      DEREncodeUnsigned<uint32_t>(seq, 0);
+      // trustLevel
+      DEREncodeUnsigned<uint32_t>(seq, 10);
+    }
+    seq.MessageEnd();
+  
+    c.addExtension(CertificateExtension("1.3.6.1.5.32.1", true,
+                                        reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(extenstionValue.c_str()), extenstionValue.size()));
+  });
+  // RSA::PublicKey p;
+  // StringSource source(T, sizeof(T), true);
+  // p.Load(source);
+
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_NO_THROW(c.encode());
+  
+  // ofstream of("cert.out");
+  // of.write((const char*)c.getContent().value(), c.getContent().value_size());
+  
+  // const Block &wire = i.wireEncode();
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(CERT, CERT+sizeof(CERT),
+                                c.getContent().value_begin(), c.getContent().value_end());
+
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  os << c << std::endl;
+  std::string info(os.str());
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(CERT_INFO.begin(), CERT_INFO.end(),
+                                  info.begin(), info.end());
+}
+
+const unsigned char REAL_CERT[] = {
+0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x63, 0x30, 0x22, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x33, 0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x31, 0x31, 0x37, 0x31, 0x31, 0x32, 0x32, 0x5a, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x34, 0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x31, 0x31, 0x37, 0x31, 0x31, 0x32, 0x32, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x19, 0x30, 0x17, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x29, 0x13, 0x10, 0x4e, 0x44, 0x4e, 0x20, 0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x62, 0x65, 0x64, 0x20, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x20, 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x03, 0x82, 0x01, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x08, 0x02, 0x82, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x7e, 0x7a, 0x5c, 0x33, 0x58, 0x21, 0xda, 0xe0, 0x8d, 0xdb, 0xca, 0xb6, 0x02, 0x30, 0x02, 0x15, 0xc5, 0x0a, 0x51, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x8e, 0x5e, 0x9d, 0x21, 0xf8, 0x14, 0xbe, 0xe4, 0x63, 0x60, 0x31, 0x53, 0xe2, 0xef, 0xee, 0x34, 0xa3, 0x8c, 0xd2, 0x24, 0x6f, 0xa4, 0x89, 0x4f, 0x02, 0x20, 0x7d, 0x66, 0xb6, 0x3f, 0x11, 0x40, 0x0c, 0xc1, 0x5f, 0xd8, 0x45, 0x23, 0x95, 0x40, 0xc8, 0xe0, 0xbc, 0x9d, 0x2f, 0x03, 0xf1, 0x83, 0x9f, 0x07, 0x0b, 0x76, 0xc9, 0x10, 0xd9, 0x3e, 0x0b, 0x75, 0x13, 0x93, 0xe9, 0xc9, 0x85, 0x01, 0x88, 0x36, 0x2e, 0xab, 0xfc, 0xe6, 0x24, 0x32, 0xfc, 0xc6, 0x3c, 0x40, 0x97, 0x1a, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0x53, 0xaa, 0x0f, 0xfb, 0xa3, 0xfe, 0xf9, 0x24, 0x70, 0x13, 0x3f, 0x4f, 0x5b, 0x7d, 0x43, 0xaa, 0x75, 0x0a, 0x94, 0x72, 0xab, 0xe1, 0x8c, 0x45, 0xb5, 0x78, 0x10, 0x01, 0xef, 0x1f, 0xb3, 0x05, 0x6f, 0xa6, 0xc3, 0xac, 0x7f, 0x6d, 0xf0, 0x31, 0xc4, 0x83, 0xb3, 0x4f, 0x50, 0x26, 0x92, 0x40, 0x1a, 0xdd, 0xec, 0xfb, 0xcb, 0xef, 0x63, 0xfe, 0x41, 0xd8, 0x8d, 0x1f, 0xdc, 0xec, 0xfc, 0x48, 0x95, 0xcc, 0x09, 0x1e, 0x30, 0x6e, 0x22, 0x9e, 0x24, 0x97, 0x2e, 0xe6, 0x0c, 0xdf, 0x3d, 0x20, 0x32, 0xaa, 0x9c, 0xc9, 0x45, 0x14, 0xaf, 0xaa, 0xf5, 0x17, 0xd2, 0x01, 0x98, 0x33, 0xbe, 0x2a, 0x9f, 0x7b, 0x9d, 0x98, 0x7c, 0x54, 0x22, 0xfe, 0x72, 0x72, 0x04, 0xc3, 0x2c, 0xc0, 0x14, 0x0b, 0xa9, 0x40, 0x7e, 0x46, 0xa1, 0x75, 0x16, 0x1a, 0x27, 0x9e, 0xf2, 0x82, 0x96, 0xc0, 0x7d, 0xaf, 0x18, 0x75, 0xfb, 0xbb, 0xab, 0x16, 0x66, 0xc0, 0xa9, 0xd7, 0x93, 0x4c, 0x48, 0x6d, 0xce, 0x0b, 0x88, 0xd4, 0x21, 0x93, 0x84, 0x89, 0x55, 0x05, 0xd5, 0x02, 0x01, 0x11
+};
+
+const std::string REAL_CERT_INFO = "Certificate name:\n"
+"  /tmp\n"
+"Validity:\n"
+"  NotBefore: 20131101T171122.000000\n"
+"  NotAfter: 20141101T171122.000000\n"
+"Subject Description:\n"
+"  2.5.4.41: NDN Testbed Root\n"
+"Public key bits:\n"
+"MIIBIDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ0AMIIBCAKCAQEA06x+elwzWCHa4I3byrYC\n"
+"MAIVxQpRVLuOXp0h+BS+5GNgMVPi7+40o4zSJG+kiU8CIH1mtj8RQAzBX9hFI5VA\n"
+"yOC8nS8D8YOfBwt2yRDZPgt1E5PpyYUBiDYuq/zmJDL8xjxAlxrMzVOqD/uj/vkk\n"
+"cBM/T1t9Q6p1CpRyq+GMRbV4EAHvH7MFb6bDrH9t8DHEg7NPUCaSQBrd7PvL72P+\n"
+"QdiNH9zs/EiVzAkeMG4iniSXLuYM3z0gMqqcyUUUr6r1F9IBmDO+Kp97nZh8VCL+\n"
+"cnIEwyzAFAupQH5GoXUWGiee8oKWwH2vGHX7u6sWZsCp15NMSG3OC4jUIZOEiVUF\n"
+"1QIB\n";
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE (Decode)
+{
+  ndn::Data d("/tmp");
+  d.setContent(REAL_CERT, sizeof(REAL_CERT));
+
+  ndn::Certificate c(d);
+
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  os << c << std::endl;
+  std::string info(os.str());
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(REAL_CERT_INFO.begin(), REAL_CERT_INFO.end(),
+                                  info.begin(), info.end());
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
+
+} // namespace ndn
diff --git a/tests/security/test-sec-public-info-sqlite3.cpp b/tests/security/test-sec-public-info-sqlite3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4335b71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/security/test-sec-public-info-sqlite3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Regents of the University of California.
+ * @author: Yingdi Yu <yingdi0@cs.ucla.edu>
+ * See COPYING for copyright and distribution information.
+ */
+
+#if __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wtautological-compare"
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "security/key-chain.hpp"
+#include "util/time.hpp"
+
+using namespace std;
+namespace ndn {
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(TestSecPublicInfoSqlite3)
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE (Delete)
+{
+  KeyChainImpl<SecPublicInfoSqlite3, SecTpmFile> keyChain;
+
+  Name identity(string("/TestSecPublicInfoSqlite3/Delete/") + boost::lexical_cast<string>(time::now()));
+  Name certName1;
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_NO_THROW(certName1 = keyChain.createIdentity(identity));
+
+  Name keyName1 = IdentityCertificate::certificateNameToPublicKeyName(certName1);  
+  Name keyName2;
+  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(keyName2 = keyChain.generateRSAKeyPairAsDefault(identity));
+  
+  ptr_lib::shared_ptr<IdentityCertificate> cert2 = keyChain.selfSign(keyName2);
+  Name certName2 = cert2->getName();
+  keyChain.addCertificateAsKeyDefault(*cert2);
+  
+  Name keyName3;
+  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(keyName3 = keyChain.generateRSAKeyPairAsDefault(identity));
+  
+  ptr_lib::shared_ptr<IdentityCertificate> cert3 = keyChain.selfSign(keyName3);
+  Name certName3 = cert3->getName();
+  keyChain.addCertificateAsKeyDefault(*cert3);
+  ptr_lib::shared_ptr<IdentityCertificate> cert4 = keyChain.selfSign(keyName3);
+  Name certName4 = cert4->getName();
+  keyChain.addCertificateAsKeyDefault(*cert4);
+  ptr_lib::shared_ptr<IdentityCertificate> cert5 = keyChain.selfSign(keyName3);
+  Name certName5 = cert5->getName();
+  keyChain.addCertificateAsKeyDefault(*cert5);
+
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesIdentityExist(identity), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesPublicKeyExist(keyName1), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesPublicKeyExist(keyName2), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesPublicKeyExist(keyName3), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName1), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName2), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName3), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName4), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName5), true);
+
+  keyChain.deleteCertificate(certName5);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName5), false);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName3), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName4), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesPublicKeyExist(keyName3), true);
+
+  keyChain.deleteKey(keyName3);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName4), false);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName3), false);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesPublicKeyExist(keyName3), false);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesPublicKeyExist(keyName2), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesPublicKeyExist(keyName1), true);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesIdentityExist(identity), true);
+
+  keyChain.deleteIdentity(identity);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName2), false);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesPublicKeyExist(keyName2), false);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesCertificateExist(certName1), false);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesPublicKeyExist(keyName1), false);
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(keyChain.doesIdentityExist(identity), false);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
+
+} // namespace ndn
diff --git a/tests/security/test-sec-tpm-file.cpp b/tests/security/test-sec-tpm-file.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51ecbe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/security/test-sec-tpm-file.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Regents of the University of California.
+ * @author: Yingdi Yu <yingdi0@cs.ucla.edu>
+ * See COPYING for copyright and distribution information.
+ */
+
+#if __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wtautological-compare"
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "security/key-chain.hpp"
+#include <cryptopp/rsa.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+namespace ndn {
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(TestSecTpmFile)
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE (Delete)
+{
+  SecTpmFile tpm;
+  
+  Name keyName("/tmp/ksk-123456");
+  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(tpm.generateKeyPairInTpm(keyName, KEY_TYPE_RSA, 2048));
+  
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(tpm.doesKeyExistInTpm(keyName, KEY_CLASS_PUBLIC), true);
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(tpm.doesKeyExistInTpm(keyName, KEY_CLASS_PRIVATE), true);
+  
+  tpm.deleteKeyPairInTpm(keyName);
+  
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(tpm.doesKeyExistInTpm(keyName, KEY_CLASS_PUBLIC), false);
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(tpm.doesKeyExistInTpm(keyName, KEY_CLASS_PRIVATE), false);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE (SignVerify)
+{
+  SecTpmFile tpm;
+
+  Name keyName("/tmp/ksk-123456");
+  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(tpm.generateKeyPairInTpm(keyName, KEY_TYPE_RSA, 2048));
+  
+  Data data("/tmp/test/1");
+  const uint8_t content[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
+
+  Block sigBlock = tpm.signInTpm(content, sizeof(content), keyName, DIGEST_ALGORITHM_SHA256);
+  ptr_lib::shared_ptr<PublicKey> pubkeyPtr = tpm.getPublicKeyFromTpm(keyName);
+
+  {
+    using namespace CryptoPP;
+    
+    RSA::PublicKey publicKey;
+    ByteQueue queue;
+    queue.Put(reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(pubkeyPtr->get().buf()), pubkeyPtr->get().size());
+    publicKey.Load(queue);
+
+    RSASS<PKCS1v15, SHA256>::Verifier verifier (publicKey);
+    bool result = verifier.VerifyMessage(content, sizeof(content),
+				  sigBlock.value(), sigBlock.value_size());
+  
+    BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(result, true);
+  }
+
+  tpm.deleteKeyPairInTpm(keyName);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
+
+} // namespace ndn
diff --git a/tests/security/test-sec-tpm-osx.cpp b/tests/security/test-sec-tpm-osx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bd0467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/security/test-sec-tpm-osx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Regents of the University of California.
+ * @author: Yingdi Yu <yingdi0@cs.ucla.edu>
+ * See COPYING for copyright and distribution information.
+ */
+
+#if __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wtautological-compare"
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "security/key-chain.hpp"
+#include <cryptopp/rsa.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+namespace ndn {
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(TestSecTpmOsx)
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE (Delete)
+{
+  SecTpmOsx tpm;
+  
+  Name keyName("/tmp/ksk-123456");
+  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(tpm.generateKeyPairInTpm(keyName, KEY_TYPE_RSA, 2048));
+  
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(tpm.doesKeyExistInTpm(keyName, KEY_CLASS_PUBLIC), true);
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(tpm.doesKeyExistInTpm(keyName, KEY_CLASS_PRIVATE), true);
+  
+  tpm.deleteKeyPairInTpm(keyName);
+  
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(tpm.doesKeyExistInTpm(keyName, KEY_CLASS_PUBLIC), false);
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(tpm.doesKeyExistInTpm(keyName, KEY_CLASS_PRIVATE), false);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE (SignVerify)
+{
+  SecTpmOsx tpm;
+
+  Name keyName("/tmp/ksk-123456");
+  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(tpm.generateKeyPairInTpm(keyName, KEY_TYPE_RSA, 2048));
+  
+  Data data("/tmp/test/1");
+  const uint8_t content[] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04};
+
+  Block sigBlock = tpm.signInTpm(content, sizeof(content), keyName, DIGEST_ALGORITHM_SHA256);
+  ptr_lib::shared_ptr<PublicKey> pubkeyPtr = tpm.getPublicKeyFromTpm(keyName);
+
+  {
+    using namespace CryptoPP;
+    
+    RSA::PublicKey publicKey;
+    ByteQueue queue;
+    queue.Put(reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(pubkeyPtr->get().buf()), pubkeyPtr->get().size());
+    publicKey.Load(queue);
+
+    RSASS<PKCS1v15, SHA256>::Verifier verifier (publicKey);
+    bool result = verifier.VerifyMessage(content, sizeof(content),
+				  sigBlock.value(), sigBlock.value_size());
+  
+    BOOST_REQUIRE_EQUAL(result, true);
+  }
+
+  tpm.deleteKeyPairInTpm(keyName);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
+
+} // namespace ndn
diff --git a/tests/security/test-signed-interest.cpp b/tests/security/test-signed-interest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aef2530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/security/test-signed-interest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Regents of the University of California.
+ * @author: Yingdi Yu <yingdi0@cs.ucla.edu>
+ * See COPYING for copyright and distribution information.
+ */
+
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "security/key-chain.hpp"
+#include "security/validator.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace std;
+namespace ndn {
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(TestSignedInterest)
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE (SignVerify)
+{
+  KeyChainImpl<SecPublicInfoSqlite3, SecTpmFile> keyChain;
+
+  Name identityName("/TestSignedInterest/SignVerify");
+  Name certificateName;
+  BOOST_REQUIRE_NO_THROW(certificateName = keyChain.createIdentity(identityName));
+
+  Interest interest("/TestSignedInterest/SignVerify/Interest1");
+  keyChain.signByIdentity(interest, identityName);
+  
+  Block interestBlock(interest.wireEncode().wire(), interest.wireEncode().size());
+
+  Interest interest2;
+  interest2.wireDecode(interestBlock);
+  
+  shared_ptr<PublicKey> publicKey = keyChain.getPublicKeyFromTpm(keyChain.getDefaultKeyNameForIdentity(identityName));
+  bool result = Validator::verifySignature(interest2, *publicKey);
+  
+  BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(result, true);
+
+  BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(keyChain.deleteIdentity(identityName));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
+
+} // namespace ndn
diff --git a/tests/security/test-validator.cpp b/tests/security/test-validator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19e2b78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/security/test-validator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Regents of the University of California.
+ * @author: Yingdi Yu <yingdi0@cs.ucla.edu>
+ * See COPYING for copyright and distribution information.
+ */
+
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "security/validator-null.hpp"
+#include "security/key-chain.hpp"
+#include "util/time.hpp"
+
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace ndn {
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(TestValidator)
+
+void
+onValidated(const shared_ptr<const Data>& data)
+{ BOOST_CHECK(true); }
+
+void
+onValidationFailed(const shared_ptr<const Data>& data)
+{ BOOST_CHECK(false); }
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE (Null)
+{
+  KeyChainImpl<SecPublicInfoSqlite3, SecTpmFile> keyChain;
+  Name identity(string("/TestValidator/Null/") + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(time::now()));
+  keyChain.createIdentity(identity);
+
+  Name dataName = identity;
+  dataName.append("1");
+  shared_ptr<Data> data = make_shared<Data>(dataName);
+
+  keyChain.signByIdentity(*data, identity);
+  
+  ValidatorNull validator;
+
+  // data must be a shared pointer
+  validator.validate(*data,
+		     bind(&onValidated, _1),
+		     bind(&onValidationFailed, _1));
+
+  keyChain.deleteIdentity(identity);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
+
+} // namespace ndn